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A&P Ch 3 Flashcards

cellular form and function (58 cards)

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1
Q

cell shapes

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar, polygonal, stellate, spheroid, discoid, fusiform, fibrous

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2
Q

squamous

A

best for diffusion, flat, squished

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3
Q

cuboidal

A

squarish looking. liver cells

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4
Q

columnar

A

taller than wide. inner lining of cells in the stomach

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5
Q

polygonal

A

irregular angular shapes with for, five or more sides

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6
Q

stellate

A

multiple pointed processes. starlike shape. nerve cells

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7
Q

spheroid

A

round to oval. eggs cells and white blood cells

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8
Q

discoid

A

disc shaped, red blood cells

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9
Q

fusiform

A

spindle shaped, elongated. thick middle and tapered ends. smooth muscle cells

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10
Q

fibrous

A

long, slender, threadlike. skeletal muscle cells, axons of nerve cells

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11
Q

cell size

A

limited due to the fact that surface area does not increase at the same rate as volume

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12
Q

cell surface

A

phosphate group, hydrophillic (cookie), hydrophobic fatty acid (inside of cookie), membrane protein, and intercellular space

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13
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

hydrophilic portion, hydrophobic portion. permeable to little bit of H2O, O2/CO2, small lipids

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14
Q

hydrophilic portion

A

made of phosphate, found on the outside of the membrane.

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15
Q

hydrophobic portion

A

made up of fatty acids, found on the inside of the membrane.

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16
Q

cholesterol

A

regulates fluidity, moderates the effect of temperature. keeps membranes from melting.

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17
Q

membrane proteins

A

50% of the membrane by weight. 2% by number. have numerous functions

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18
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A

receptors, enzymes, channel proteins, carriers, second messenger systems, cell identity markers, cell adhesion molecules

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19
Q

second messenger system

A

g proteins

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20
Q

enzymes

A

brush border enzymes

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21
Q

channel proteins

A

Na+ channels. may be turned on by a ligand, a voltage change or a mechanical stress.

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22
Q

carriers

A

glucose transporters

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23
Q

cell identity markers

A

MHCs involved in immune system

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24
Q

cell adhesion molecules

Study These Flashcards
A

sperm, egg binding

25
second messengers
collection of proteins that pass a signal from outside the cell to inside the cell.
26
glycocalyx
carbohydrate coat on the cell surface. functions in immunity & cell recognition and adhesion
27
microvilli
extensions of the plasma membrane, create the brush boarder of a cell. actin filaments at base. functions in absorbtion
28
cilia
hair like projections. 5x longer than microvilli. full of microtubules. some can move. some cant
29
flagella
long whiplike structure. 5x longer than cilia. made of microtubules. move sperm
30
filtration
process by which particles are driven between cells by hydrostatic pressure
31
simple diffusion
movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. requires zero energy
32
osmosis
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
33
osmotic pressure
the pressure exerted by one solution on another solution, when they are separated by a semi permeable membrane and have different solute concentrations. pulls fluid from tissues back into blood vessels
34
hydrostatic pressure
pushes fluid from blood vessels to tissues
35
osmolarity
the sum of the molarities of all the solutes in a solution
36
tonicity
ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure of a cell
37
carrier mediated transport
occurs through a membrane protein. can use facilitated diffusion or active transport
38
uniport
1 solute
39
symport
2 solutes, same direction. Na+ & glucose
40
antiport
2 solutes, different directions. Na+/K+ pump
41
sodium potassium pump
Na+/K+. active transport. regulates cell volume, heat production, maintenance of a membrane potential.
42
vesicular transport
endocytosis, transcytosis, exocytosis
43
endocytosis
phagocytosis=cell eating. occurs only in specialized cells. ex. macrophages. pinocytosis=cell drinking, occurs in most cells. receptor mediated endocytosis.
44
transcytosis
in the cell and out the other side. ex. cells lining blood vessels
45
exocytosis
secretion of substances made in the cell. ex. glandular cells.
46
microfilaments
thni and long. actin is a microfilament. changes in cell shape, micovilli
47
intermediate filaments
thicker, vary from tissue to tissue. maintain cell shape
48
microtubules
thickest, tubulin is the building block. cell division, cilia, flagella, intercellular transport, organelle organization
49
nucleus
membrane bound, round, central organelle with nuclear pores. contains genetic material and nucleoli
50
endoplasmic reticulum
membrane bound, interconnected channels. rough er and smooth er
51
rough er
protein, phospholipid synthesis
52
smooth er
steroid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage
53
ribosomes
small granules of protein and RNA. no membrane, may be loose or bound to rER. protein synthesis
54
Golgi complex
membrane bound, flattened sacs. carb synthesis, modification of proteins, make lysosomes
55
lysosomes
membrane bound sac with digestive enzymes, acid pH. digest nutrients, eats bacteria. uterine shrinkage post delivery
56
peroxisomes
membrane bound sac eith free radical scavengers. neutralize free radicals. detoxification of alcohol
57
mitochondria
membrane bound. inner membrane is highly convoluted. cell respiration, many are found in lysosomes
58
centrioles
cylinder of microtubules. cell division, forms basal body of cilia

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