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A&P Ch 5 Flashcards

Histology (76 cards)

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1
Q

primary tissue classes

A

epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscular tissue

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2
Q

epithelial classes

A

simple, cuboidal, pseudostratified columnar, stratified

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3
Q

epithelial cell shapes

A

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

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4
Q

simple squamous

A

f= diffusion l=endothelium, alveoli, organ coverings

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5
Q

stratified squamous keratinized

A

f= protection, h2o conservation l=outer layer of skin

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6
Q

stratified squamous non-keratinized

A

f=protection l= one step into the body, vagina, anus, mouth, urethra, “sweaty sex”

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7
Q

simple cuboidal

A

f= absorption, secretion l= kidney tubules, bronchioles

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8
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

f= sweat production, production of sperm & eggs l= sweat glands, ovaries & testes

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9
Q

simple columnar

A

f= absorption, secretion l= intestines

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10
Q

simple pseudostratified

A

f= secrete & propel mucus l= trachea

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11
Q

stratified transitional

A

f= stretch to hold urine l= bladder & urethra

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12
Q

epithelial

A

composed of layers of closely spaced cells that cover organ surfaces, form glands, and serve for protection, secretion, and absorption. found in the epidermis, inner lining of the digestive tract, liver and other glands

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13
Q

connective

A

more matrix than cell volume, specialized to support, bind and protect organs, found in the tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bone and blood

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14
Q

nervous

A

contains excitable cells specialized for rapid transmission of coded information to other cells, found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

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15
Q

muscular

A

tissue composed of elongated, excitable muscle cells specialized for contraction. found in skeletal muscles, heart (cardiac muscle), walls of viscera (smooth muscle)

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16
Q

tissue sections

A

longitudinal, cross sections, oblique sections

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17
Q

longitudinal sections

A

length ways

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18
Q

cross sections

A

cut straight across

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19
Q

oblique sections

A

cut on a slant

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20
Q

connective tissue classification

A

fibrous, adipose, cartilage, bone, fluid

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21
Q

fibrous connective tissue classification

A

loose and dense

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22
Q

loose connective tissue classification

A

areolar and reticular

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23
Q

dense connective tissue classification

A

regular, irregular, elastic

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24
Q

cartilage classification

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

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25
bone classification
spongy and compact
26
fluid classification
blood
27
connective tissue
more gs than cells, many fibres. bonds organs(collagen), movement, support(bone & fibrous), storage (energy & calcium), physical protection(adipose), heat production(adipose), immune(blood), transport(blood)
28
fibrous connective tissue cells
fibroblasts, blood cells, adipocytes
29
fibroblast cells
produce fibres (collagen) and gs
30
blood cells
transport, immune function, phagocytosis, allergic reactions
31
adipocyte cells
fat storage
32
fibrous connective tissue fibres
collagen, reticular, elastic, matrix/gs
33
collagen fibres
tough, flexible, resist stretching, come in different sizes depending on the tissue
34
reticular fibres
thin collagen fibres
35
elastic fibres
thin, allows recoil of lungs and arteries
36
matrix/gs/extracellular fluid
adhesively glycoproteins, proteoglycans
37
loose areolar tissue
irregular collagen fibres, found in dermis, mucus and serous membranes, bind tissues. hold tissues together
38
loose reticular tissue
blood soaked sponge, found in lymph and spleen. framework of lymph organs
39
dense regular tissue
collagen fibres in parallel bundles. found in tendons and ligaments. resists stress in predictable directions
40
dense irregular tissue
collagen fibres in irregular bundles. found in dermis, organ capsules, bind tissue. resists stress in unpredictable directions
41
dense elastic tissue
elastic fibres, found in large and medium arteries. function is to stretch and recoil.
42
adipose tissue
cells full of triglycerides. little ecm. found in subcutaneous, around organs, within organs in obese people
43
cartilage tissue
cells are chondrocytes(collagen) in lacunae. few blood vessels, classification based on fibres
44
hyaline cartiflage
fine collagen fibres (invisible), cells are chondrocytes in lacunae. foundin trachea, costal cartilages, ends of long bones. flexible support.
45
elastic cartilage
elastic fibres, cells are chondrocytes in lacunae. found in ears and epiglottis. provide flexible support, stretch & recoil
46
fibrocartilage
bundles of collagen fibres like dense connective tissue. cells are chondrocytes in lacunae. found in pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs. shock absorber
47
compact bone
covers all bones and forms shaft of long bones. cells are osteocytes organized in osteons. 2/3 mineral(calcium) matrix, 1/3 organic collagen. lots of blood vessels. highly vascularized, unlike cartilage
48
spongy bone
present in all other bones and heads of long bones. allows bones to be lightweight
49
blood
cells are erythrocytes(red) and leukocytes(white). matrix is blood plasma.
50
nervous tissue
neurons + glial cells (including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells)
51
skeletal muscular tissue
has striations, multiple nuclei, long threadlike cell. voluntary control. no gap junctions. functions in movement, expression, urination
52
cardiac muscle tissue
has striations, 1 nuclei per cell, short cells, involuntary movement, has gap junctions, functions in blood pumping
53
smooth muscle tissue
no striations, 1 nuclei per cell, fusiform cell shape. involuntary movement. has gap junctions. functions in swallowing
54
intercellular junctions
tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
55
tight junctions
join adjacent cells tightly to prevent fluid seepage. bladder and stomach
56
desmosomes
spot weld, resist mechanical stress. epithelial cells, cardiac muscle
57
gap junctions
pore joining cytoplasm of adjeacent cells. allows fast communication between cells. neurons, cardiac, and smooth muscle
58
glands
exocrine, endocrine, mixed, unicellular
59
exocrine
secretes into duct/tubes. sweat glands, tear glands
60
endocrine
secretes into blood. hypothalamus, pituitary
61
mixed
liver is exocrine(bile) and endocrine(albumin) gland. pancreas is exocrine(digestive enzymes) and endocrine(insulin) gland
62
unicellular
goblet cells(secrete musuc)
63
types of secretion
serous, mucous, mixed, cytogenic
64
serous
watery. merocrine sweat gland
65
mucous
sticky/thick. boogies.
66
mixed
serous+mucous (not eating/eating). salivary glands
67
cytogenic
sperm and eggs
68
methods of secretion
merocrine, holocrine, apocrine
69
merocine
exocytosis. oancrease, tear glands, merocrine sweat glands(watery)
70
holocrine
whole cell disintegrates. sebaceous(oil) glands
71
apocrine
appears to be in between but actually merocrine. apocrine sweat glands(thick & stinky). axillary, anus, groin
72
membranes
cutaneous, mucous, serous, endothelium
73
cutaneous membrane
skin. stratified squamous epithelium + areolar + dense irregular. resist dehydration. protection.
74
mucous membrane
epithelium +areolar connective tissue + muscularis mucosae smooth muscle. lines passages, absorption, secretion and protection. digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts.
75
serous membrane(serosa)
simple squamous epithelium = mesothelium. + areolar. produces watery serous fluid. lines body cavities or covers organs. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum.
76
endothelium membrane
lining of interior blood vessels and heart cavities. simple squamous epithelium

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