A+P Intro Flashcards
To prepare for ECE by the end of January (116 cards)
1
Q
anatomical term for “towards the head/superior”
A
cephalic
2
Q
anatomical term for “towards the tail/inferior”
A
caudal
3
Q
anatomical term for back or posterior
A
Dorsal
4
Q
anatomical term for front or anterior
A
Ventral
5
Q
Toward the middle
A
medial
6
Q
away from the midline
A
lateral
7
Q
anatomical term for between
A
intermediate
8
Q
The plane that cuts a person in top half and bottom half
A
transverse
9
Q
the plane that cuts a person into left half and right half
A
sagittal plane
10
Q
the plane that cuts a person into front and back halves
A
Coronal plane
11
Q
Collection of organs working together in common function
A
organ system
12
Q
These connect bone to one another
A
ligaments
13
Q
These cushion space between bones, allowing for smooth movements
A
cartilage
14
Q
These connect muscles to bones
A
tendons
15
Q
The alimentary canal refers to the _ system
A
digestive
16
Q
_ breaks down into fatty acids and cholesterol
A
fats
17
Q
enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates in the mouth
A
salivary amylase
18
Q
this organ produces bile
A
liver
19
Q
bile aids in _ digestion and absorption
A
fat
20
Q
this organ stores bile
A
gallbladder
21
Q
this organ reabsorbs excess water
A
large intestine
22
Q
The formed elements of blood include
A
RBCs, WBCs, platelets
23
Q
stop bleeding = ___-stasis
A
hemostasis
24
Q
blood cells form in __ __ __
A
red bone marrow
25
__ system transports absorbed fats to the body cells from digestive system
lymphatic system
26
lymphocytes mature within red bone marrow and the ___
thymus
27
secondary lymphoid organs trap __
antigens
28
house lymphocytes and macrophages
lymph nodes
29
houses lymphocytes, cells here remove debris from blood
spleen
30
lobed structure where lymphocytes mature
thymus
31
a phalanx is a
digit/toe/finger
32
these glands maintain softness and hydrophobicity of hair and skin
sebaceous glands
33
these glands moisten skin during fear, pain, sexual arousal, emotional upset
apocrine glands
34
these glands secrete sweat
merocrine or eccrine glands
35
these are the most prevalent gland
merocrine or eccrine glands
36
articulations are also called
joints
37
articulations are stabilized by these elastic structures
ligaments
38
this lines articulations, evenly distributes forces, protects bones
cartilage
39
blood cell production
hematopoiesis/hemopoiesis
40
ACL stands for
anterior cruciate ligament
41
PCL stands for
posterior cruciate ligament
42
Pennate and convergent muscle fibers attach to __
tendons
43
functional unit within each muscular fiber
sarcomere
44
the thicker, darker protein created a striated appearance of muscles
myosin
45
site where nerve meets muscle
neuromuscular junction
46
these 2 muscle types are involuntary
smooth and cardiac
47
this muscle type is non-striated, uninucleate, involuntary
smooth muscle
48
This muscle type has no sarcomere
smooth muscle
49
This muscle type is uni-nucleate and striated
cardiac
50
This muscle type is multi-nucleate
skeletal
51
master gland, controls release of hormone from other endocrine organs
pituitary
52
secretes melatonin
pineal gland
53
regulates calcium and metabolism
thyroid
54
secretes insulin and glucagon
pancreas
55
controls hunger, thirst, sleep via control of pituitary gland
hypothalamus
56
In response to low BG, pancreas synthesizes and secretes __
glucagon
57
Glucagon causes liver to convert polymerized sugar glycogen into glucose
glycogenolysis
58
in response to high BG, pancreas secretes _
insulin
59
Insulin causes polymerization of glycogen from glucose in _
glycogenesis
60
In response to elevated blood calcium levels, throid releases _
calcitonin
61
Calcitonin (increases/decreases) blood calcium levels
decreases
62
parathyroid hormone _ blood calcium levels
increases
63
synovial or _ cavities
joint
64
mental
chin
65
tarsal
ankle
66
gross anatomy
macroscopic - can be seen with naked eye
67
histology is the study of
tissues
68
cytology is the study of
cells
69
the simplest level of organization
chemical
70
the __ body cavity houses the central nervous system
dorsal
71
the __ body cavity is divided into the cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
dorsal
72
The ___ serosa covers internal organs
visceral
73
The __ serosa lines the cavity walls
parietal
74
The ability to detect changes in the internal or external environment and respond to them
responsiveness/irritability
75
acromial
shoulder
76
antebrachial
forearm
77
antecubital
elbow
78
carpal
wrist
79
pollex
thumb
80
coxal
hip
81
crural
leg
82
hallux
big toe
83
The axial division of the body contains:
head, neck, trunk
84
Appendicular division of the body includes the __
limbs
85
otic
ear
86
olecranal
back of elbow
87
popliteal
back of knee
88
sural
calf
89
calcaneal
heel
90
Ventral body cavities divide into these two cavities:
Thoracic and abdominopelvic
91
thoracic cavity contains two major organs
heart and lungs
92
pelvic cavity contains (3)
rectum, bladder, reproductive organs
93
mediastinum contains the _ cavity
pericardial
94
abdominal cavity contains
stomach, spleen, liver, intestines
95
Right hypochondriac region contains (2)
liver, gallbladder
96
Right iliac region contains
appendix
97
Hypogastric region contains
bladder
98
Integumentary system
skin, hair, nails
99
this body system is responsible for synthesizing vitamin D
integumentary
100
hypothalamus stimulates __ to release ADH
pituitary gland
101
thrombocytes are
platelets
102
dark blood carries (more/less) oxygen
less
103
blood is slightly (acidic/alkaline)
alkaline
104
Blood makes up about __ % total body weight
8%
105
Define hematocrit
the percentage of a sample that is RBCs
106
Normal hematocrit
45%
107
Plasma is _% of whole blood
55%
108
Plasma is _ % water
90%
109
T/F, red blood cells have no nucleus
true
110
term for WBCs
leukocytes
111
Most common blood type
O
112
Least common blood type
AB
113
Most Americans are Rh (+/-)
+
114
The heart wall layer within the myocardium is the (endocardium, epicardium)
endocardium
115
heart is contained within this cavity
mediastinum
116
myocardium is composed of ___ tissue
connective
