A+P practice test stuff Flashcards
Prepare for A+P test!! (113 cards)
1
Q
(Dehydration/Hydration) of amino acids will form a peptide bond
A
Dehydration
2
Q
Dehydration synthesis causes nucleotides to form __ ___
A
nuclei acids
3
Q
Aqueous solutions are most easily formed if the solute is in what condition?
A
polar
4
Q
Decreasing temperature (increases/decreases) rate of chemical reaction
A
decreases
5
Q
Chondrocytes are __ cells
A
cartilage
6
Q
Osteo___ generate new bone matrix
A
osteoblasts
7
Q
Osteo___ break down or remove bone matrix
A
osteoclasts
8
Q
Osteo— are actual mature bone cesls that live in pockets of bone matrix
A
osteocytes
9
Q
__ are blood vessels lie at the center of concentric layers of compact bone, nourishing cells
A
Haversian canals
10
Q
a matrix structure called trabeculae is characteristic of ___ bone
A
spongy
11
Q
The canaliculi of __ bone do not have blood vessels
A
spongy
12
Q
bone marrow - containing blood vessels is a feature of __ bone
A
spongy
13
Q
__ moves tropomyosin from the myosin binding site
A
Ca2+
14
Q
Endurance activities like cycling or running rely on __ metabolism
A
aerobic
15
Q
strength activities like weight lifting rely on __ metabolism
A
anaerobic
16
Q
short, intense muscle activities like sprinting use __ and __ reserves
A
CP (creatine phosphate) and ATP
17
Q
sutures of the skull are examples of what kind of joint?
A
fibrous synarthrosis
18
Q
Sutures are an immovable joint or ___ whose connection is fibrous
A
synarthrosis
19
Q
A __ is freely movable. Examples include elbow, hip, and sacroiliac joints
A
diarthrosis
20
Q
A ___ is slightly moveable, like the connection between the tibia and fibula
A
amphiarthrosis
21
Q
The cessation of __ synthesis causes rigor mortis
A
ATP
22
Q
__ __ break down several hours after death, ending rigor mortis
A
muscle proteins
23
Q
Overproduction of hormones by the parathyroid gland causes __ bones
A
weak
24
Q
Growth hormone originates in the __ gland
A
pituitary
25
Intestinal absorption of calcium is influenced by __ from the kidneys
calcitrol
26
Lower extremity movement away from midline is called __
abduction
27
Which muscle extends the leg at the knee?
rectus femoris
28
high/low potassium in intracellular fluid
high
29
hypoventilation causes pH to rise/fall
fall
30
increased H ions causes pH to fall/rise
fall
31
hyperventilation causes high/low CO2
low
32
decreased bicarbonate ion causes high/low pH
low
33
oxygen deficiency brings on acidosis/alkalosis
acidosis
34
pH of blood needs to be constant to maintain function of __
proteins
35
upper respiratory tract is lined with __ __ epithelium
pseudostratified columnar
36
digestive tract is lined with __ __ epithelium
simple columnar
37
secretory portions of glands typically contain __ __ epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
38
renal filtration membranes are composed of __ endothelium
fenestrated
39
__ is needed to stimulate most cells of the body to increase uptake of glucose
insulin
40
insulin is produced in the __
pancreas
41
glycogen is produced in the __
liver
42
which is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?
stratum corneum
43
deepest inner layer of epidermis
stratum germinativum
44
"grainy layer" of epidermis
stratum granulosum
45
this occurs in areas of thick skin, where it covers the stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
46
this method of passive transport depends on carrier proteins that change shape to allow movement from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration
facilitated transport
47
cranial nerve associated with taste
glossopharyngeal
48
cranial nerve associated with tongue movement
hypoglossal
49
texture or "peppery" sensation, not taste, associated with this cranial nerve
trigeminal nerve
50
this process allows those with near vision to see by contraction of ciliary muscles and rounding of the lenses
accomodation
51
ciliary muscle relaxation causes the lenses to (round/flatten)
flatten
52
ciliary muscle relaxation/lens flattening accomodates (near/far)-vision
far
53
aldosterone is (inhibited, stimulated) by Addison's disease
inhibited
54
ADH is (inhibited, stimulated) by alcohol consumption
inhibited
55
decreased blood calcium stimulates release of ___
parathyroid hormone
56
somatic afferent fibers in the __ nerve tract transmit impulses to the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the cenral nervous system
spinothalamic nerve tract
57
name the nonvascular, transparent coat that covers the iris
cornea
58
name the eye opening at the center of the iris
pupil
59
innermost part of the eye, pigmented with small blood vessels
retina
60
white part of the eye with small blood vessels
sclera
61
damage to which part of the brain will result in resting tremor, reduced ability to initiate movement and decreased dopamine levels?
substantia nigra
62
this part of the ear is responsible for perceiving head position relative to gravity
otoliths
63
spatial localization is provided by the ____ of the outer ear and the orientation of the ear canal
auricles
64
__ ducts receive messages about eye movement
semicircular
65
changes in sound intensity are indicated by how many __ cells are stimulated
hair
66
autonomic ganglia are collections of visceral __ neurons
motor
67
sensory neurons form __ sensory __
peripheral sensory ganglia
68
interneurons do/do not synapse in ganglions
do not
69
heroin relieves pain by mimicking the activity of which nt?
endorphins
70
cocaine and LSD mimic the activity of __ like dopamine and epinephrine
catecholamines
71
alcohol and certain antianxiety drugs can be said to mimic the action of __
GABA
72
ADH targets which organ
kidney
73
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by which gland?
pituitary
74
adrenal gland secretes __, __, and __
epinephrine, corticosterone, and aldosterone
75
parathyroid secretes __
parathormone
76
thyroid secretes __, __, and __
thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin
77
adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH leads to
stimulation of adrenal cortex, releasing glucocorticoids
78
TSH stimulates release of ___
thyroxine (T4)
79
cortisone stimulates/inhibits production of ACTH
inhibits
80
aldosterone is secreted in response to drop/rise in BP or blood volume
drop in BP stim secretion of aldosterone
81
__ speeds glucose synthesis and is anti-inflammatory
cortisol/hydrocortisone
82
T3 (thyroid hormone) stim/inhibits metabolism
stimulates
83
Prolactin stimulates production of __
milk
84
erythropoietin stimulates production of __
RBCs
85
this part of the brain produces releasing hormones that control the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
86
the __ membrane collects vibrations transmits them to the oval window for amplification
tympanic
87
when intensity decreases to almost nothing and the sound fades away
attenuation
88
major source of fructose secretions used by sperm cells for energy
seminal vesicles
89
the __ glands secrete thick mucus that neutralizes urine acidity and lubricates the tip of the penis
bulbourethral
90
endometrium reaches peak thickness toward the end of the __ phase
secretory
91
ovulation occurs at the end of the __ phase
proliferative
92
The __ is the ruptured follicle resulting from ovulation
corpus luteum
93
the implantation site is the endometrium of the __
uterus
94
this hormone stimulates parturition
oxytocin
95
__ stimulates uterine contractions that increase in force and frequency as labor progresses toward parturition
oxytocin
96
__ inhibits uterine contractions
progesterone
97
__ stimulates milk production and letdown
prolactin
98
_ alows pelvic expansion, cervical dilation, delays contractions
relaxin
99
these cells of the testes produce testosterone
interstitial cells
100
the __ stores spermatazoa
epidydimus
101
sustentacular cells secrete ___-binding protein that increases testosterone concentration
androgen
102
In oogenesis, meiosis I is completed
at puberty
103
(oogenesis) Meiosis II is complete if __ occurs
fertilization
104
Main function of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) during first trimester is
stimulate release of hormones from the corpus luteum
105
__ __ __ prepares the mammary glands for lactation during the first trimester
hPL human placental lactogen
106
the __ produces hCG
placenta
107
if body fluid osmolarity exceeds normal levels, there will be increased levels of __
ADH
108
afferent arteriolar vasodilation increases/decreases glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
increases
109
the renal papillae discharge directly into a __ __
minor calyx
110
a __ __ is the merger of four or five minor calyces
major calyx
111
Bowman's capsule and glomerulus comprise the renal __
corpuscle
112
increased __ production causes increased retention or absorption of sodium
renin
113
the urinary bladder is lined with __ __
transitional epithelium
