Endocrinology

Question 1

__ hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids. Its release is triggered by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and inhibited by feedback inhibition of rising glucocorticoid levels.

Answer 1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

Question 2

__ promotes milk production in humans. Its secretion is prompted by prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH).

Answer 2

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 3

The neurohypophysis stores and releases two hypothalamic hormones __ and __ .

Answer 3

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 4

___ stimulates powerful uterine contractions, which trigger labor and delivery of an infant, and milk ejection in nursing women. It also appears to promote sexual arousal and nurturing.

Answer 4

Oxytocin

Question 5

This hormone appears to promote sexual arousal and nurturing. Its release is mediated reflexively by the hypothalamus and represents a positive feedback mechanism.

Answer 5

Oxytocin

Question 6

__ hormone stimulates the kidney tubules to reabsorb and conserve water; as urine output declines, blood volume and blood pressure rise.

Answer 6

Antidiuretic

Question 7

__ is released in response to high solute concentrations in the blood and inhibited by low solute concentrations in the blood

Answer 7

ADH

Question 8

Hyposecretion of __ results in diabetes insipidus

Answer 8

ADH

Question 9

__ stimulates sex cell production

Answer 9

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

Question 10

__ stimulates gonadal hormone production

Answer 10

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Question 11

the gonadotropins include __ and __

Answer 11

LH and FSH

Question 12

__ promotes normal development and activity of the thyroid gland

Answer 12

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 13

__ stimulates TSH

Answer 13

TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)

Question 14

__ stimulates growth of all body tissues, especially skeletal muscle and bone

Answer 14

GH (growth hormone)

Question 15

Hypersecretion of __ causes gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

Answer 15

GH growth hormone

Question 16

Hyposecretion of __ causes pituitary dwarfism in children

Answer 16

GH growth hormone

Question 17

Hypersecretion of __ results in Graves’ disease

Answer 17

thyroid hormone

Question 18

hyposecretion of __ causes cretinism in infants and myxedema in adults

Answer 18

thyroid hormone

Question 19

__ depresses blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone matrix resorption and enhancing calcium deposit in bone

Answer 19

Calcitonin

Question 20

__ hormone causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, intestine, and kidneys

Answer 20

parathyroid

Question 21

Melatonin is the primary hormone of the __ gland

Answer 21

pineal

Question 22

hypoactivity of the __ results in Addison’s disease

Answer 22

adrenal cortex

Question 23

hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex can result in __, __ and/or __

Answer 23

aldosteronism, cushing’s disease, and/or masculinization

Question 24

Catcholamines include __ and __

Answer 24

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Question 25

The pancreas is both an exocrine and endocrine gland. T/F

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The endocrine portion of the pancreas releases both __ and __ to the blood, as well as pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin

Answer 26

insulin and glucagon

Question 27

Glucagon is released by __ cells of the __

Answer 27

alpha cells of the pancreas

Question 28

Glucagon stimulates the liver to release __ into the blood

Answer 28

glucose

Question 29

When blood sugar levels are low, the pancreas secretes __ to stimulate the liver to release glucose

Answer 29

glucagon

Question 30

Insulin is released by __ cells of the pancreas to increase glucose uptake and metabolism by most body cells

Answer 30

beta cells of the pancreas release insulin

Question 31

Hyposecretion of __ results in DM.

Answer 31

insulin

Question 32

Cardinal signs of __ include polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

Answer 32

DM

Question 33

Polydipsia is

Answer 33

excessive thirst

Question 34

polyphagia is

Answer 34

excessive hunger

Question 35

The medical term for excessive hunger is poly__

Answer 35

polyphagia

Question 36

medical term for excessive thirst is poly__

Answer 36

polydipsia

Question 37

__ is secreted in the stomach and stimulates HCl production to regulate gastric juice

Answer 37

Gastrin

Question 38

__ is an intestinal hormone that stimulates gallbladder contraction and pancreatic juice release

Answer 38

cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 39

Secretin is a __ hormone (peptide/steroid)

Answer 39

secretin is a peptide hormone

Question 40

Secretin is released by the __ in response to __.

Answer 40

duodenum in response to food

Question 41

Secretin targets the __ , __ , and __ .

Answer 41

pancreas, liver, and stomach

Question 42

Secretin stimulates the pancreas to release __

Answer 42

bicarbonate-rich juices

Question 43

Secretin stimulates the liver to produce __

Answer 43

bile

Question 44

secretin stimulates the stomach to __

Answer 44

inhibit secretions

Question 45

Gastrin, secretin, serotonin, CCK, intestinal gastrin, and atrial natriuretic are all __ hormones

Answer 45

peptide

Question 46

Cholecalciferol (Vit D3) is a __ hormone

Answer 46

steroid

Question 47

In response to food, the stomach secretes __ to help contractions of the stomach

Answer 47

serotonin

Question 48

While gastrin stimulates the release of HCl, intestinal gastrin __ HCl secretion and gastrointestinal tract mobility

Answer 48

inhibits

Question 49

CCK is released by the __ in response to food.

Answer 49

duodenum

Question 50

__ is released by the duodenum in response to food. It causes the release of enzyme-rich juice in the pancreas, stimulates expulsion fo stored bile from the gallbladder, causes the sphincter of Oddi to relax

Answer 50

CCK cholecystokinin

Question 51

EPO erythropoietin is released by the kidney in response to __

Answer 51

hypoxia

Question 52

EPO is a __ hormone (glycoprotein/steroid/peptide)

Answer 52

glycoprotein

Question 53

EPO stimulates the __ to __

Answer 53

bone marrow to produce RBCs

Question 54

Stretching of the atria/rising BP causes release of __ hormone from the atria

Answer 54

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 55

Atrial natriuretic peptide targets the kidney to __, and the adrenal cortex to __

Answer 55

inhibit sodium ion resorption and renin release; inhibit aldosterone secretion

Question 56

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes BP to __

Answer 56

decrease