A&P Quiz 1

Question 1

List the levels of organization of the human body

Answer 1

• Atoms
• Molecules
• Cells
• Tissues
• Organs
• Organ systems
• Human organism

Question 2

Describe the anatomical position

Answer 2

Standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides w/ palms forward, toes and palms directed forward

Question 3

Describe the major cavities of the body

Answer 3

• Dorsal cavity: cranial and spinal (vertebral) cavities
• Ventral cavity: thoracic cavity (pleural cavity, pericardical cavity, and mediastinum) and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 4

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 4

Contracts and relaxes, assists in breathing, protects lungs, adds moisture, aids in acid/base balance

Question 5

What are the seven main functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 5

• Protection
• Sensation
• Regulation of temperature
• Absorption
• Excretion of sweat
• Synthesis of vitamin D

Question 6

What does the nervous system include?

Answer 6

Brain, spinal cord, and senses (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, etc)

Question 7

What is the circulatory system responsible for?

Answer 7

Carries nutrients and oxygen throughout the body

Question 8

Describe the urinary system

Answer 8

Kidneys filter blood and create urine as a byproduct, controls water and electrolytes, acid-base balance

Question 9

What does the immune system do?

Answer 9

Protects the body from both inner and outer attacks

Question 10

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Answer 10

A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together; a compound is formed by two or more different atoms

Question 11

List the four elements that comprise 96% of body weight

Answer 11

• Oxygen: 65.0%
• Carbon: 18.5%
• Hydrogen: 9.5%
• Nitrogen: 3.2%

Question 12

What is an ion?

Answer 12

Atoms or groups of atoms that carry an electrical charge

Question 13

What are electrolytes?

Answer 13

Substances that form ions when dissolved in water and conduct an electrical current

4 main electrolytes– sodium, magnesium, potassium, and calcium all aid in BP, as well as, rhythm and contraction of the heart.

Question 14

What is the role of catalysts?

Answer 14

Chemical substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 15

List the six forms of energy

Answer 15

• Mechanical
• Chemical
• Electrical
• Radiant
• Thermal
• Nuclear

Question 16

What is a mixture?

Answer 16

Combinations of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means

Question 17

What is the difference between a solution and a suspension?

Answer 17

A solution has evenly distributed components, while a suspension has relatively large particles that may settle

Question 18

What is a colloidal suspension?

Answer 18

Particles remain suspended within the liquid

Question 19

What is a precipitate?

Answer 19

Solids formed and fall out of solution during a chemical reaction

Question 20

Abdominal regions:

Answer 20

• Right/left hypochondriac regions (upper abdomen)
• Right/left lumbar regions (mid abdomen)
• Umbilical region (middle of abdomen)
• Right/left iliac regions (lower abdomen)
• Hypogastric region (lower middle abdomen)

Question 21

Organs in Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ):

Answer 21

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum (part of small intestine), right kidney, pancreas (part)

Question 22

Organs in Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ):

Answer 22

Stomach, spleen, left kidney, pancreas (part)

Question 23

Organs in Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ):

Answer 23

Appendix, cecum (part of large intestine), right ovary (female), right ureter

Question 24

Organs in Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ):

Answer 24

Descending colon (part of large intestine), sigmoid colon (part of large intestine), left ovary (female), left ureter

Question 25

Smallest unit of an element.

Answer 25

Atom

Question 26

The number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 26

Atomic number

Question 27

Sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 27

Atomic mass

Question 28

A different form of the same atom; same atomic number (protons) with a different number of neutrons = different atomic mass

Answer 28

Isotope

Question 29

The spontaneous breakdown, or decay, in which unstable isotopes release particles or energy waves.

Answer 29

Radioactivity

Question 30

Used clinically and therapeutically to destroy cells and diagnostically for thyroid disease

Answer 30

Radioisotopes

Question 31

CAUSED BY A TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN ATOMS. One atom gives up electrons; usually a metal (loses) to a non-metal (gains).

Answer 31

IONIC BOND

Question 32

Involves a sharing of electrons by the outer shells of the atoms

Answer 32

COVALENT BOND

Question 33

An intermolecular attraction, not caused by transfer of electrons or sharing of electrons by outer shells of the atoms.

Answer 33

Hydrogen bond ## Footnote The weak attraction between water molecules illustrates a hydrogen bond. The weak positive charge around the hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the weak negative charge of the oxygen atom in another water molecule.

Question 34

Two or more atoms bonded together

Answer 34

Molecule ## Footnote Chemicals composed of two or more atoms held together with covalent bonds Examples: O2, H2O

Question 35

Molecules formed by two or more different atoms

Answer 35

Compound ## Footnote Chemicals composed of two or more different atoms held together by ionic or covalent bonds Examples: NaCl, H2O, CO2

Question 36

WATER is...

Answer 36

Universal (aqueous) solvent Temperature regulator Ideal lubricant It is a crucial part of most chemical reactions Protective mechanism Molecule Compound

Question 37

An electrolyte that dissociates into H+ (hydrogen ion) and an anion

Answer 37

Acid

Question 38

Substance, often OH– (hydroxyl ion), that combines with H+ to make a solution less acidic

Answer 38

Base

Question 39

Too many H+ ions, pH less than 7.35

Answer 39

Acidosis

Question 40

Too few H+ ions, pH greater than 7.45

Answer 40

Alkalosis

Question 41

Substance present in smaller amount; is the substance being dissolved

Answer 41

Solute ## Footnote Two types of solutions: Aqueous solutions & Tinctures

Question 42

Part of solution present in greater amount; does the dissolving

Answer 42

Solvent ## Footnote Two types of solutions: Aqueous solutions & Tinctures

Question 43

Mixtures with relatively large particles

Answer 43

Suspensions