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Gurnick: Module 1 > FoN Exam 2 > Flashcards

FoN Exam 2 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What are the main components of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands

The integumentary system is the body’s largest organ system.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the epidermis?

A

Protection, sensation, and temperature regulation

The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and does not contain blood vessels.

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3
Q

What is the role of melanocytes in the skin?

A

Secrete melanin, the main determinant of skin color

Melanocytes are located in the bottom layer of the epidermis.

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4
Q

List the functions of the skin.

A
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Temperature regulation
  • Excretion (sweat) and secretion (sebum)

The skin serves multiple essential functions for the body.

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5
Q

True or False: Mucous membranes are considered part of the integumentary system.

A

False

Mucous membranes are part of the respiratory tract and line cavities that open to the outside.

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6
Q

What factors influence personal hygiene practices?

A
  • Socioeconomic background
  • Economic status
  • Knowledge level
  • Ability to perform self-care
  • Personal preferences
  • Cultural differences

These factors can significantly affect hygiene behaviors.

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7
Q

Which areas of the skin are most susceptible to pressure injuries?

A

Joints, high-pressure areas or areas often bearing weight

Particularly relevant for bed-bound or wheelchair-bound patients.

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8
Q

List risk factors for altered skin integrity.

A
  • Immobility
  • Incontinence
  • Maceration
  • Diaphoresis
  • Inadequate nutrition
  • Lowered mental awareness
  • Excessive diaphoresis
  • Extreme age
  • Edema

These factors can lead to skin breakdown and pressure injuries.

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9
Q

Describe Stage 1 of pressure injuries.

A

Area of reddened skin that does not blanch when touched

May show discoloration in individuals with dark skin.

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10
Q

What is the significance of the Braden Scale?

A

Predicts pressure sore risk

The Braden Scale is used to assess patients upon admission.

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11
Q

What is the primary method for preventing pressure injuries?

A

Excellent nursing care

Awareness of risk factors and regular skin assessments are crucial.

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12
Q

What is a therapeutic bath?

A

A bath having healing or medicinal qualities

This type of bath may include whirlpool or sitz baths.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ bath uses pre-moistened disposable cloths.

A

Bag

This bath type is convenient but has a cost disadvantage.

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14
Q

What special considerations should be taken for older patients during bathing?

A
  • Use warm water, not hot
  • Minimize soap use (alternate days)
  • Prewarm the bath area
  • Provide adequate draping
  • Prevent slips and falls

Because of decreased sweat and sebaceous gland activity, a full bath is not needed every day.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a back rub?

A

Communicates caring, fosters trust, and stimulates circulation

Back rubs should be performed during morning care and at bedtime.

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16
Q

What is the recommended frequency for mouth care in an unconscious patient?

A

At least once every 8 hours

If the patient is mouth-breathing, care should be done every 4 hours.

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17
Q

What should be done before contacting a primary care provider by telephone?

A
  • Have patient data on hand
  • Keep chart handy
  • Know patient allergies
  • Prepare a concise problem statement

These steps ensure effective communication.

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18
Q

What are the components of the communication process?

A

Sending a message, receiving it, processing it, and indicating interpretation

Communication can be verbal or nonverbal.

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19
Q

List three blocks to communication.

A
  • Changing the subject
  • Offering false reassurance
  • Making defensive comments

These blocks can hinder effective communication.

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20
Q

What distinguishes a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship from a social relationship?

A

Defined boundaries based on the patient’s problems and the nurse’s role

The therapeutic relationship ends when the patient is discharged.

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21
Q

How can a nurse effectively delegate tasks?

A
  • Give clear, concise messages
  • Include desired results and timelines
  • Ask for feedback and understanding
  • Ensure tasks are completed

Effective delegation improves patient care and team efficiency.

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22
Q

What is the purpose of using computers in healthcare communication?

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A
  • Transmitting requests for services
  • Medication orders
  • Updating patient care plans

Computers are essential for efficient communication in healthcare settings.

23
Q

What is essential for today’s nurse in terms of communication?

Study These Flashcards
A

The ability to use a computer for communication.

24
Q

List five ways the computer is used for communication within the healthcare agency.

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A
  • Transmit requests for laboratory services
  • Medication orders
  • Supplies for patient care
  • Update patient care plans
  • Computerized form of charting
25
What are the purposes of patient education?
* Preventing illness or promoting wellness * Teaching patients about their disease or disorder, diet, medications, treatment, and self-care * Preparing patients for self-care at home before discharge * Starting patient teaching at the time of admission * Assessing learning needs and forming a teaching plan
26
What is one overarching goal of Healthy People 2030?
Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
27
Describe three ways in which people learn.
* Visual learning: Through what they see * Auditory learning: Through what they hear * Kinesthetic learning: By actually performing a task or handling items
28
List factors that can affect learning.
* Physical limitations * Situational factors (including pain) * Readiness to learn * Personal values and expectations * Age * Attitude * Ability to comprehend
29
What environmental factors can affect learning?
* Room temperature * Noise level * Lighting * Interruptions by others
30
What are some barriers to teaching and learning?
* Poor vision or hearing * Impaired motor function * Impaired cognition * Personal stress * Illness * Low literacy * Lack of support
31
What adjustments should be made for teaching older adults?
* Provide good lighting * Use written materials with large type * Ensure glasses are clean * Check hearing aids are functioning * Use short sentences and speak slowly * Minimize medical terms and explain those used * Frequently check for comprehension * State important points first and repeat them
32
What types of resources are available to assist in patient education?
* Books and articles * Audiovisual materials * Pamphlets * Hands-on equipment * Closed circuit TV patient education modules * Community educational tools * Local government program listings * Nursing specialists * Hospital social workers and patient representatives
33
Name three things that must be included in the documentation of patient education.
* Specific content taught * Method of teaching used * Evidence of evaluation with specific results
34
How can patient education continue after hospital discharge?
Patients need to receive written or printed information about what has been taught.
35
The two main layers of the skin are:
the epidermis (thin outer layer) and dermis (thicker inner layer)
36
The epidermis (outer, thinner layer) consists of ____ tissue and does not contain blood vessels.
stratified squamous epithelial ## Footnote It receives its nutrition by diffusion from vessels in the underlying tissues.
37
The uppermost layer of the epidermis is called the
stratum corneum
38
The dermis (inner, thicker layer) is made of dense connective tissue that gives the skin strength and elasticity. It is also called the ____.
corium
39
The dermis contains ____; the nails are derived from the epidermis. Fibroblasts produce new cells to heal skin after injury.
* blood vessels * nerves * fibroblasts * the base of hair follicles * glands
40
Hair and nails are made of ____ and do not have nerve endings or a blood supply.
keratin
41
Excretion (sweat) includes:
* Sweat glands help maintain the homeostasis of fluids and electrolytes * Sweat glands: organs of excretion, secrete nitrogenous waste * Sweat glands in axillae and external genitalia secrete fatty acids and proteins
42
Secretion (sebum) includes:
*Sebum lubricates the skin and hair * Sebum keeps structures pliable and elastic * Sebum decreases heat loss * Sebum decreases bacterial growth
43
Loss of full thickness of tissue. The base of the injury is covered by eschar (tan, brown, or black) in the wound bed, or the base of the injury contains slough (yellow, tan, gray, green, or brown).
Unstageable Pressure Injury
44
Localized discolored intact skin that is maroon or purple or a blood-filled blister resulting from damage to underlying soft tissue from pressure or shearing. The area may be painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer, or cooler when compared to adjacent tissue.
Deep Tissue Pressure Injury
45
An area that feels hard
Induration
46
Necrotic tissue When eschar is present, the pressure injury is described as unstageable.
Eschar ## Footnote Eschar must be removed to stage the pressure injury properly.
47
Partial-thickness skin loss. May look like an abrasion, blister, or shallow crater; surrounding skin may feel warmer
Stage 2
48
Full-thickness skin loss. Looks like a deep crater; may extend into the fascia; subcutaneous tissue damaged or necrotic.
Stage 3
49
Full-thickness skin loss with extensive tissue necrosis or damage to muscle or supporting structures. May appear dry and black.
Stage 4
50
Applies moist heat and cleansing to perineal area; medication may be added to water. Used for wounds (post-operative, OB, rectal pain, etc.).
Sitz bath ## Footnote type of therapeutic bath
51
A special whirlpool tub used to cleanse and stimulate peripheral circulation
Whirlpool bath ## Footnote type of therapuetic bath
52
May be used to bring down fevers
Sponge bath ## Footnote type of therapuetic bath
53
Nail care:
* Trimming, cleaning under the nails, and cuticle care usually done with the bath * Soak the nails in warm soapy water * Use an orangewood stick to clean under nails * Push cuticles back gently * Use nail clippers to cut toenails straight across * Make sure to use acetone-free nail polish remover– when needed
54
Rub hands together for ____ seconds OR until ____ when using hand sanitizer.
20, dry

Gurnick: Module 1 (8 decks)

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