A&P Skeleton Outline

Question 0

What is hemopoiesis?

Answer 0

The manufacturing of blood cells

Question 1

The skeleton has what functions?

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Movement
3. Protection
4. Mineral reservoir
5. Hemopoiesis

Question 2

The skeleton is composed of ___&___

Answer 2

Cartilage; bone

Question 3

Three types of cartilage exist..

Answer 3

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 4

Hyaline includes ___,____,&_____

Answer 4

Embryonic skeleton, trachea, articular cartilage

Question 5

Elastic includes ____,____&____

Answer 5

Pinna, epiglottis, nose

Question 6

Fibrocartilage include __&____

Answer 6

Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis

Question 7

Bones are classified as…

Answer 7

1. Long bones
2. Short bones
3. Flat bones
4. Irregular bones
5. Sesamoid bones
6. Wormian bones

Question 8

Sesamoid bones form in ___, an example is the patella

Answer 8

Tendons

Question 9

Wormian bones form between ____

Answer 9

Major cranial bones

Question 10

____ surrounds bone

Answer 10

Periosteum

Question 11

Bone is composed of an ___& an ___ component

Answer 11

Organic, inorganic

Question 12

Organic component in bone provides ___ (pulling) strength

Answer 12

Tensile

Question 13

Organic component of bone is ____% collagen

Answer 13

90-95

Question 14

Inorganic component of bone provides ____

Answer 14

Hardness

Question 15

Bone growth involves ____,_____& ___ of a bone

Answer 15

Cell function, bone formation, growth

Question 16

The cells needed for bone growth are:

Answer 16

1. Mesenchyme cells
2. Fibroblasts cells
3. Chondrocytes
4. Bone cells

Question 17

Mesenchyme cells are ______ cells

Answer 17

Embryonic connective tissue

Question 18

Mesenchyme cells arise from ___

Answer 18

Mesoderm

Question 19

Fibroblasts cells arise from ___

Answer 19

Mesenchyme

Question 20

Fibroblasts produce ___

Answer 20

Collagen fibers

Question 21

Chondrocytes arise from ___

Answer 21

Mesenchyme

Question 22

Chondrocytes form _____

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage

Question 23

Bone cells include:

Answer 23

1. Osteoblasts
2. Osteoclasts
3. Osteocytes

Question 24

Osteoblasts arise from _____

Answer 24

Osteoprogenitor cells

Question 25

Osteoblasts make ____

Answer 25

Bone

Question 26

Osteoblasts make bone by secreting ___ to precipitate ___ along ____ ____ and ____ ___

Answer 26

Alkaline phosphates, hydroxyapetite, collagen fibers, bars of cartilage

Question 27

Osteoclasts arise from ___

Answer 27

Macrophages

Question 28

Osteoclasts ____

Answer 28

Destroy bone

Question 29

Osteoclasts secrete ____ to ____ collagen

Answer 29

Proteases, digest

Question 30

Osteoclasts secrete ___&____ to ___ hydroxyapetite

Answer 30

Citric, lactic acids, dissolve

Question 31

Osteoclasts ____ bone fragments

Answer 31

Phagocytose

Question 32

Osteoclase activity is controlled by:

Answer 32

1. Parathormone 2. Calcitonin 3. Calcitriol

Question 33

Parathormone ____ osteoclast ___&____

Answer 33

Increases, number, activity

Question 34

Calcitonin ____ osteoclast ___&____

Answer 34

Decreases, number, activity

Question 35

Calcitriol ____ osteoclast activity

Answer 35

Increases

Question 36

Osteocytes arise from___; ____ bone cells

Answer 36

Osteocytes, mature

Question 37

Ossification is ____ ____

Answer 37

Bone formation

Question 38

Ossification begins in the __ ___ after ____

Answer 38

Second month, conception

Question 39

Ossification occurs in three ways:

Answer 39

1. Outside the bone 2. Within bone by intracartilagenous 3. Within the bone by intramembranous

Question 40

Ossification occurs outside the bone from the ___ layer of the ____

Answer 40

Cellular, periosteum

Question 41

Ossification that occurs outside the bone produces ____ ____

Answer 41

Compact bone

Question 42

Ossification that occurs outside the bone ____ in diameter or thickness

Answer 42

Increase

Question 43

Ossification from within the bone by intracartilagenous replaces ___ with ___

Answer 43

Cartilage, bone

Question 44

Ossification from within the bone by intracartilagenous produce ___ ___

Answer 44

Spongy bones

Question 45

Ossification from within the bone by intramembranous ____ overall size of ____ bones

Answer 45

Increasing, cranial

Question 46

Ossification from within the bone by intramembranous occurs in most ____ _____ bones

Answer 46

Non-weight bearing

Question 47

An individual long bone grows by increase In _____by growth from _____

Answer 47

Diameter , periosteum

Question 48

An individual long bone grows in ____ by growth from ____ ____&_____ _____ centers near middle and end of bone

Answer 48

Length, primary ossification, secondary ossification

Question 49

In primary ossification center in middle of bone ____ grows bigger

Answer 49

Cartilage

Question 50

Ossification from within the bone by intramembranous ____ overall size of ____ bones

Answer 50

Increases, cranial

Question 51

Ossification from within the bone by intramembranous involves most ____ _____ bones

Answer 51

Non-weight, bearing

Question 52

An individual long bone grows by increasing in ____ by growth from the ____

Answer 52

Diameter, periosteum

Question 53

An individual long bone increases in ___ by growth from ____ ____&____ _____ centers near middle and ends of bone

Answer 53

Length, primary ossification, secondary ossification

Question 54

In the primary ossification center in middle of bone the ____ grows bigger

Answer 54

Cartilage

Question 55

In the primary ossification center in middle of bone the ____ replaces ____ faster than cartilage grows

Answer 55

Bone, cartilage

Question 56

In secondary ossification centers near ends of bone ____ grows thicker

Answer 56

Cartilage

Question 57

Procallus is what?

Answer 57

A clot