A&P1_HW02

Question 1

describe how the cell theory applies to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms

Question 2

What occurs during a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 2

Water breaks covalent bonds in a polymer, creating separate monomers.

Question 3

Examples of Monomers

Answer 3

simple sugars, amino acids

Question 4

Decribe a monomer

Answer 4

individual subunits of larger molecules

Question 5

Decribe polymers

Answer 5

molecules composed of smaller subunits linked together

Question 6

Examples of polymers

Answer 6

Starch, muscle protien, RNA

Question 7

What is a monomer?

Answer 7

a small molecule that can form a hydrogen bond with another molecule

Question 8

examples of molecules that could be produced by a hydrolysis reaction.

Answer 8

amino acids from digesting the protein in chicken and glucose molecules formed when a starch molecule is broken down

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

Break down polymers

Question 10

Describe DNA

Answer 10

• is a single molecule that can be over 10,000,000 nucleotides long
• is the genome for eukaryotic organisms
• is usually double stranded
• includes deoxyribose sugar

Question 11

Describe RNA

Answer 11

• is usally single stranded
• includes the base uracil
• can be translated into a protein
• is a single molecule that can form a complex secondary structure

Question 12

What intermolecular force is responsible for holding the two strands of a DNA double helix together?

Answer 12

hydrogen bond

Question 13

How can we distinguish Purines

Answer 13

two ring structure

Question 14

How can we distinguish Purines

Answer 14

two ring structure

Question 15

How can we distinguish Pyrimidines

Answer 15

one ring structure

Question 16

Name two biomolecules that are types of protein?

Answer 16

enzymes

myosin

Question 17

What is a peptide bond?

Answer 17

a covalent bond formed when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with an amino group of a different molecule

Question 18

Which substances contain, or are examples of, lipids?

Answer 18

cell memebran

testosterone

beeswax

Question 19

How to identify saturated fatty acid

Answer 19

All of the bonds in the hydrocarbon chain of saturated fatty acid are single bonds.

Question 20

Characteristics pertaining to cellulose

Answer 20

unbranched and important for the structure of pine tress

Question 21

Characteristics pertaining to starch

Answer 21

moderatley branched, used for energy storage in seeds

Question 22

Characteristics pertaining to glycogen

Answer 22

highly

Question 23

name a carbohydrate that is a monosaccharide?

Answer 23

fructose

Question 24

Identify a pair of monosaccharides.

Answer 24

fructose and galactose

Question 25

define biomolecules

Answer 25

organic molecules that are produced by living organisms to perform a variety of functions

Question 26

Two examples of carbohydrates

Answer 26

glucose, cellulose

Question 27

Two examples of lipids

Answer 27

cholesterol, testosterone

Question 28

Two examples of Nucleic acids

Answer 28

DNA, RNA

Question 29

Two examples of proteins

Answer 29

antibody, collagen

Question 30

What happens in the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 30

Hydrolysis of the glycosidic bonds of carbohydrates yields monosaccharides

Question 31

What happens in the digestion of triacylglycerols

Answer 31

Hydrolysis of ester bonds in triacylglycerols yields products including fatty acids

Question 32

What happens in the digestion of protiens

Answer 32

Hydrolsis of the peptide bonds of protiens produces amino acids

Question 33

Enzyme pepsin functions best at what pH

Answer 33

2

Question 34

Enzyme trypsin functions best at what pH

Answer 34

8

Question 35

best describe the overall role of enzymes in metabolism?

Answer 35

Enzymes increase the speed of reactions

Question 36

Define metabolism

Answer 36

the sum of catabolic and anabolic reations that occur within a cell

Question 37

decribe a catabolic reaction

Answer 37

degrade organic molecules into simpler components and generate energy that the cell can use

Question 38

decribe a anabolic reaction

Answer 38

requires energy and assemble more complex molecules

Question 39

How do enzymes catalyze reactions?

Answer 39

Enzymes bind with and change the conformation of substrates

Question 40

What change occurs when an enzyme binds to a substrate with induced fit?

Answer 40

The shape of the enzyme's active site changes to better fit the substrate.

Question 41

how would temperture | affect a reaction rate.

Answer 41

increase

Question 42

how would adding a catalyst | affect a reaction rate.

Answer 42

increase

Question 43

how would decrease the concentration of a reactant affect a reaction rate.

Answer 43

decrease

Question 44

how would decreasing the surface area of a solid reactant affect a reaction rate.

Answer 44

decrease

Question 45

How does a decrease in the temperature of a chemical reaction affect the reaction rate?

Answer 45

The reaction rate decreases.

Question 46

How does a decrease in the reactant concentration affect the reaction rate of a chemical reaction?

Answer 46

The reaction rate decreases.