A&P1_HW03

Question 1

mitochondrion function

Answer 1

cellular respiration, ATP synthesis

Question 2

rough ER function

Answer 2

membrane synthesis, protein modification

Question 3

ribosomes function

Answer 3

protein synthesis

Question 4

Golgi apparatus

Answer 4

protein transport out of a cell

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

storage of genetic information

Question 6

Which of the organelles have their own DNA separate from DNA contained in the nucleus?

Answer 6

mitochondria

chloroplasts

Question 7

Name cell components with double membranes and DNA

Answer 7

nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast

Question 8

Name cell components with double membranes and no DNA

Answer 8

ER, Lysosome, vacuole

Question 9

Name a cell component with no membrane

Answer 9

ribosome

Question 10

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 10

a structure in the nucleus that transcribes and processes ribosomal RNA

Question 11

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 11

two lipid bilayers that separate the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 12

Define plasma membrane

Answer 12

one lipid bilayer that separates the intracellular space from the extracellular space

Question 13

2 descriptions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 13

• a membranous structure that surrounds the nucleus without attached ribosomes
• an organelle that is responsible for the detoxification of drugs

Question 14

Decribe the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 14

• a membranous structure that surrounds the nucleus without attached ribosomes
• an organelle that is responsible for the detoxification of drugs
• It store calcium ions
• major function is lipid synthesis

Question 15

2 descriptions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 15

• its surface that faces cytoplasm is studded with ribosomes

* A major function is the manufacture of protiens

Question 16

Which features are found on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Answer 16

ribosomes

Question 17

Decribe lysosomes

Answer 17

• Lysosomes are lipid spheres filled with digestive enzymes.
• Lysosomes break down intruding bacteria and viruses.
• Lysosomes occasionally break down healthy cells.

Question 18

Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain a class of small, round organelles that contain oxidative enzymes. The enzymes break down organic substances via oxidation reactions.
What are these organelles called?

Answer 18

peroxisomes

Question 19

accurately describe mitochondrial cristae.

Answer 19

pockets of highly folded inner mitochondrial membrane

consist of membranes that synthesize ATP as a final step of aerobic respiratio

Question 20

Decribe the mitochondrion

Answer 20

• contains unique DNA that is different from the cell’s nuclear DNA.
• has an interior membrane with deep folds where ATP synthesis occurs.

Question 21

Decribe the ribosome

Answer 21

• a molecular structure that is the site of synthesis

* a cellular structure that is composed of both RNA and protein

Question 22

What membrane bound orgenelle is involved with cellular secretion

Answer 22

Golgi apparatus

Question 23

How do the nucleus and ribosomes work together to generate a protein?

Answer 23

In the nucleus, DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which the ribosomes use as instructions to synthesize a specific protein.

Question 24

Which characteristics correctly describe the cytoskeleton?

Answer 24

provides support for the cell

assists in the movement of cells

Question 25

Which eukaryotic cell parts is found in the cytoplasm, provides structure and support to the cell, and is composed of interconnected protein fibers?

Answer 25

cytoskeleton

Question 26

Considering the structure of the plasma membrane, best explain why human cells do not dissolve in water?

Answer 26

The plasma membrane is composed of phospholipids, which have hydrophobic regions.

Question 27

Integral membrane proteins characterisitics

Answer 27

* can extend through the cell membrane * can move laterally(sideways) in the hydrophobic part of the membrane * pump substances across the cell membrane

Question 28

Peripheral membrane proteins characterisitics

Answer 28

*found at the surface of the cell membrane

Question 29

describe the plasma membrane.

Answer 29

regulates transport of molecules into and out of the cell creates a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell

Question 30

best describe the function of chromosomes?

Answer 30

enable more efficient packing and transport of genetic material in mitosis

Question 31

Why is a cap added to mRNA, but not to tRNA or rRNA?

Answer 31

Each of the three types of RNA are transcribed by different RNA polymerases. Only RNA polymerase II, involved in mRNA synthesis, contains a domain capable of interacting with enzymes that form the cap.

Question 32

What types of proteins does the carboxyl‑terminal domain (CTD) of RNA Polymerase II recruit to the pre‑mRNA?

Answer 32

capping enzymes endonucleases splicing machinery components

Question 33

describe rRNA.

Answer 33

ribonucleotides that assemble with proteins into three‑dimensional complexes on which polypeptide chains are produced

Question 34

What transformation occurs during translation

Answer 34

RNA--> Protein

Question 35

What transformation occurs during transcription

Answer 35

DNA --> RNA

Question 36

What transformation occurs during replication

Answer 36

DNA --> DNA

Question 37

Where does translation occur?

Answer 37

Ribosomes

Question 38

anticodon

Answer 38

tRNA series of three bases