Reading 2: Biomolecules

Question 1

Cell biology

Answer 1

the study of living organisms. at the cellular level

Question 2

Prokaryotes

Answer 2

Single celled organism

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

Multicellular organism

Question 4

Cell Theory

Answer 4

Properties of a cell

• All living organisms are compromised of one or more cells
• Cells are the fundamental unit of life
• Cells originate only from preexisting cells

Question 5

Cells contain what four major biomolecules?

Answer 5

nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

Question 6

Nucleotides function

Answer 6

Creates DNA,mRNA,tRNA,rRNA

Question 7

Proteins function

Answer 7

Diverse molecules that perform most cellular task, provide structure, and regulate cellular processes

Question 8

What are your four lipids

Answer 8

Phospholipid, Cholesterol, Acylgycerol, Waxes

Question 9

Phospholipid function

Answer 9

Serves as a structural component of membranes

Question 10

Cholesterol function

Answer 10

Precursor for steroid hormones and membrane components

Question 11

Acylgycerol function

Answer 11

Provides long-term energy storage

Question 12

Waxes function

Answer 12

Established protective barriers

Question 13

Carbohydrates function

Answer 13

Provided both short and long-term energy for storage; serves as an identification tag for glycosylated proteins and lipids

Question 14

Central dogma of genetics

Answer 14

information stored within a DNA sequence will be transferred to RNA, ultimately determining which proteins are produced by the cell.

Question 15

Nucleotide

Answer 15

The monomeric unit that is used to build nucleic acids

Question 16

What are the three components for a nucleotide?

Answer 16

a five carbon sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group

Question 17

Condensation reactions

Answer 17

A reaction where two molecules combine to form a larger unit. i.e polymer chains

Question 18

phosphodiester bond are found where

Answer 18

between each nucleotide

Question 19

Proteins function

Answer 19

They are responsible for performing biological work and for generating the cellular structure that gives each cell type within the body its purpose.

Question 20

Peptide bond

Answer 20

strong covalent bond that forms protein polymers

Question 21

Proteins are comprised of

Answer 21

Amino acids

Question 22

What are the 7 protein classes

Answer 22

Structural, Enzymatic, Regulatory, Motile, Transport,Storage, Defensive

Question 23

What type of covalent bond is formed when amino acids condense into proteins?

Answer 23

Peptide bond

Question 24

Steroid

Answer 24

four-ringed carbon structures that are attached to a diverse array of side chains that give each steroid its unique function

Question 25

Acylglycerols function

Answer 25

Longterm energy

Question 26

Phospholipids function

Answer 26

Membrane structure

Question 27

Steroids function

Answer 27

Chemical messengers

Question 28

Waxes

Answer 28

Protective barrier

Question 29

Define monosaccharide

Answer 29

The simplest subunit of a carbohydrate

Question 30

Define glycosylation

Answer 30

The process of adding carbohydrate groups

Question 31

Define enzymes

Answer 31

Protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions in the cell

Question 32

Define Hydrolyze

Answer 32

condense biomolecules

Question 33

Define Substrate

Answer 33

A reactant molecule specific to an enzyme

Question 34

Define Active site

Answer 34

Binding location between enzyme and substrate

Question 35

Induced fit model

Answer 35

enzyme slightly changes for optimal fit of substrate

Question 36

Denaturation

Answer 36

Change in 3D shape of enzyme due to external environment

Question 37

Nucleic acids

Answer 37

nucleotides are the monomeric unit; e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 38

Proteins

Answer 38

comprised of amino acids (20 in total) that share the same backbone structure, but vary in their side chains

Question 39

Lipids

Answer 39

there are four types discussed – acylglycerols, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes

Question 40

Carbohydrates

Answer 40

the smallest unit is a monosaccharide; made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a fixed ratio: CH2O