A1.2 (part 1)

Question 1

C

Answer 1

cytosine

Question 2

A

Answer 2

adenine

Question 3

T

Answer 3

thymine

Question 4

G

Answer 4

guanine

Question 5

U

Answer 5

uracil (só in rna)

Question 6

dna

Answer 6

deoxyribonucleic acid (polymer)

Question 7

rna

Answer 7

ribonucleic acid

Question 8

rna/ dna structure
elements

Answer 8

phosphate group
pentose sugar
nitrogen base
covalent bonds

Question 9

dna forms in a……reaction

Answer 9

condensation reaction called polymerisation and form pairs of <h bonds and release 1 molecule of water woth use of eneegy

Question 10

bases are classified into

Answer 10

purines and pyrimidines

Question 11

purines (type of nitrogenous base)

Answer 11

2 rings, a g

Question 12

pyrimidines (type of nitrogenous base)

Answer 12

1 ring, t, u, c

Question 13

dna made of

Answer 13

made ofn 5 carbon sugar deoxyribose sugar,
double strand with complementary base pairing
2 ANTIPARALLEL strands of h bonds
stores info for protines
full info storer

Question 14

rna just genrral info
sugar, function

Answer 14

5 cardbon sugar ribose
single strand
less stable and lasts less long
regulates expression for info durign protine systhesis

Question 15

all cells have the same dna except

Answer 15

for gametes and red blood cells,

cells that have the same dna can differ in pritine compositiuons to code for specicif features

Question 16

all organisms

Answer 16

use the same gene code

Question 17

replication, transcription and translation occure

Answer 17

in a 5 (carbon) 3 (phosphate) direction

Question 18

dna polymerase

Answer 18

enzyme for synthesising dna molecules diring replication

Question 19

miss matches in base

Answer 19

a+g too short
c+t too long

miss matches lead to structural instabilityu causing death in cells or cancer

Question 19

a and t

c and g

Answer 19

form 2 H bons

form 3 H bonds

Question 20

eukarotyotic dna

Answer 20

in nucleus, asspciated with histone proteins which protect dns

Question 21

prokaryotic dna

Answer 21

in cytoplams, hasnno huistones §

Question 22

nucleosome

Answer 22

dna ith 150 base pares wrapped aeound core of 8 (4 pairs) of histones

Nuclesomes are called dna linkers have dna flowijg between

(only eukaryotic dna)

Question 23

nucleosomes play role in

Answer 23

gene expression and dna coilign

Question 24

first organism couldbnt

Answer 24

eat others so was an autotroph

Question 25

LUCA

Answer 25

protection from uv and enrrgy from . hydrothermal vents (o2 free)

Question 26

elements we need for life

Answer 26

ammonia, co2, ch4, o2, phosphate , nitrogen but they need liwuid solvent to grow (h20)

Question 27

chase and hershey experiment they use a

Answer 27

radioactiveisotope in bacterophage and it injects a bacteria, this shows that the dna is the genetic materila since there was radioactise phosophrus in dna and radioactive sulfur in protine coat. then the radioatcitity in bacteria was only seen in phosophurus which shows the virus injected this part

Question 28

viruses in liquid are

Answer 28

radioactive, but are not in sediment

Question 29

chargaff analysed the dna uding

Answer 29

paper chromatrography but falsified the theory of repeating sequence of the four bases in DNA.

Question 30

section of dna

Answer 30

gene

Question 31

i gene encloses

Answer 31

1 polypeptide protine

Question 32

polynucleitide

Answer 32

strand

Question 33

3 baaes

Answer 33

per aminoacid

Question 34

dna esta o ultimate

Answer 34

and full infomation store for the production of the organism (full detailed manual)

Question 35

rna is involved in the

Answer 35

sharing of small sections of the "dna manual" for the functioning of organisms/cell like a photocopyer

Question 36

rna is found

Answer 36

all around cell in cytoplams but produced in nucleus,, dna is so in nucleus