A2 - Coastal Case Studies Flashcards
(13 cards)
Reef Plan 2050
- improve health of GBR
- reduce runnoff by 25% + nitrogen runoff by 60%
- $2 billion for conservation
- removal of crown-of-thorn starfish
- collab with indigenous communities
Great Barrier Reef
- largest coral system in the world - 2,300km
- 400 types of coral, 1500 fish species
- $6 billion revenue annually - 64,000 jobs
- 50% of coral lost since 1985
- UNESCO since 1981
Holderness Coast
- fastest eroding coastline in Europe - 2m/yr
- soft boulder clay - slumping and erosion
- 30 villages lost since roman times
- £2 million project at Mappleton
- Spurn Point is threaten by rising sea levels - protect Humber Estury
Saint Lucia Mangroves
- cover approximately 6% of coastline
- protection against erosion and storm surges
- 20 different species
30% lost in 50 yrs - vital for climate resilience and carbon sequestration
Canford Cliffs, Dorset
- Jurassic coast - UNESCO
- soft sand, clay, vulnerable to erosion
retreat up to 1m/yr - high economic values
erosion accelerated by rainfall and more storms
Sandunes, Oxwich Bay, Gower, Wales
-used for military training
- Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)
- psammosere succession
- over 600 plant species
- active management, including boardwalks, fencing, dune re-profiling, and marram grass planting to stabilize the dunes and direct foot traffic.
Alnmouth Saltmarsh, Northumberland
- river Aln mettd north sea
- sealavender and grasswort
- habitat for migrating birds
- Acts as a carbon sink, helps with coastal protection, and reduces flood risk by absorbing tidal water
-Threatened by sea level rise, invasive species, and potential development pressure.
Named Landforms at Holderness coast
- Flamborough Head (Headland and Cliffs)
-Selwicks Bay (Caves and Arches)
-Bridlington Bay (Bay and Beach)
-Spurn Point (Spit)
-Mappleton (Cliff and Coastal Defences)
Mappleton (Cliff and Coastal Defences)
Type: Rapidly eroding boulder clay cliffs.
Human impact: Defended by rock groynes and revetments to protect the village and B1242 road.
Spurn Point (Spit)
Type: Long spit formed by longshore drift transporting sediment southward.
Features: Curved, recurved tip; includes saltmarshes and dune systems on the landward side.
Importance: Acts as a natural barrier and supports wildlife habitat.
Bridlington Bay (Bay and Beach)
Type: Curved bay with wide sandy beach.
Formation: Erosion of softer boulder clay between more resistant chalk headlands
- Selwicks Bay (Caves and Arches)
Found at Flamborough Head.
Example of marine erosion forming caves, e.g., Thornwick Bay caves and natural arch formations.
Flamborough Head (Headland and Cliffs)
Type: Chalk headland with wave-cut platforms, caves, arches, stacks, and stumps.
Features: Includes Selwicks Bay (wave-cut notch) and Blowhole Caves.
Processes: Erosion (hydraulic action and abrasion) exploits bedding planes and joints in chalk.
