A2C2 - Chapter 7 Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
(38 cards)
Define classification
The process of naming and organising organisms into groups based on their characteristics and evolutionary history.
Can the classification of an organism change?
Yes the classification can change as more information becomes available.
Name the 7 groups in the hierarchy of taxons, from largest to smallest.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
What is the 5 kingdom classification system?
The classification of organisms into 5 major kingdoms;
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
Prokaryotae
Protoctista
What is the 3 domain classification system?
A method of classification where organisms are categorised into 3 groups, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya.
How was the 3 domain system of classification developed?
By analysing molecular differences in organisms to determine their evolutionary relationships.
Evidence showed that the kingdom Prokayotae could be divided into two groups and that all other organisms are eukaryotes.
What do organisms in the same domain have in common?
Organisms in the same domain share a distinctive pattern of ribosomal RNA.
What is Bacteria?
One of the 3 domains
Consists of ‘true bacteria’
Also known as Eubacteria
What is Archaea?
One of the 3 domains.
Made up of primitive bacteria existing in extreme environments (extremophiles)
Also known as Archaebacteria.
What is Eukarya?
One of the 3 domains.
Consists of all eukaryotic organisms.
Outline the features of the kingdom Prokaryotae.
Unicellular prokaryotes.
Lack true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Rigid cell wall.
Outline the features of the kingdom Plantae.
Multicellular eukaryotes.
Photoautotrophs
Cellulose cell walls
Outline the features of the kingdom Animalia.
Multicellular eukaryotes
No cell wall
Heterotropic
Nervous coordination
Outline the features of the Kingdom Fungi.
Eukaryotes
Heterotrophic
Chitin Cell Walls
Grow by producing branching filaments aka hyphae.
Asexual reproduction via spores.
Outline the features of the Kingdom protoctista.
Mainly unicellular eukaryotes
No differentiation into tissues
How are different types of evidence used in classification?
Observations (eg fossils) = organisms grouped based on similar physical characteristics.
Biochemical methods (eg DNA fingerprinting)
What is DNA Profiling?
Method of determining the characteristics of an individuals DNA.
Percentage of DNA or proteins shared between species is used to estimate relatedness.
State the advantage in using biochemical methods of classification.
Reduce mistakes made from observing physical features alone (due to morphological convergence)
Compare homologous and analogous features.
Homologous = same structure different function. indicating common ancestor.
Analogous = structures evolved independantly but for the same function.
Example of homologous feature.
Pentadactyl Limb (found in mammals, birds and reptiles)
Example of analogous feature.
Wings of birds and insects.
Define species.
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
What are the two components to a binomial name?
Generic Name - The genus to the organism it belongs to
Specific Name - The species that the organism belongs to.
What is the advantage of the binomial naming system?
Universal. It is the same everywhere in the world.
