A2C2 - Chapter 7 - Sexual Reproduction in Humans WIP Flashcards
(36 cards)
What are the 6 labels/parts for the female reproductive system?
Ovary
Fallopian Tube (oviduct)
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Endometrium
What are the functions of these first 5 parts?
Ovaries = Produce egg in follicles
Fallopian Tubes = Transport egg cell from ovary to uterus
Uterus = where embryo develops
Cervix = separates uterus from vagina, protecting fetus
Vagina = leads from cervix to the outside of the body
Identify the 8 parts of the male reproductive system.
Testes
Scrotum
Penis
Urethra
Epididymis
Prostate Gland
Seminal Vesicle
Vas Deferens
List parts of the male reproductive system and explain their function.
Testes = production of sperm cells and testosterone
Scrotum = Hold and maintain optimum temperature of testes
Penis = penetrates vagina, releases sperm
Urethra = Allows excretion of urine and semen from the body
Epididymis = Stores sperm
Prostate Gland = Secretes alkaline fluid to counteract vaginal acidity
Seminal Vesicle = Secretes fluid (proteins and fructose) to nourish sperm
Vas Deferens = Carry sperm from testes to urethra.
How does the human body produce gametes?
Gametogenesis
Name the two types of gametogenesis.
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
What is Spermatogenesis?
Gametogenesis in males that results in the production of spermatozoa.
Where does spermatogenesis occur?
Seminiferous Tubules
Outline the stages of spermatogenesis.
Primordial germ cells
Spermatogonia
Primary Spermatocytes
Secondary Spermatocytes
Spermatids
Four Spermatozoa
What is the germinal epithelium?
A surface layer of cells surrounding the ovaries in females and the testicles in males that is involved in gametogenesis.
How do primary spermatocytes form?
Primordial germ cells –> Spermatogonia via Mitosis
Spermatogonia grow without further division for primary spermatocytes.
How are spermatids formed?
Primary Spermatocytes –> Haploid Secondary Spermatocytes via Meiosis.
Secondary Spermatocytes divide in Meiosis II to form four haploid spermatids.
How do Spermatozoa form?
Spermatids differentiate to gain flagellum, acrosome and many mitochondria.
Name the 3 types of cells within testes.
Spermatogonia
Sertoli Cells
Interstitial Cells (cells of Leydig)
What are Leydig Cells?
Cells located adjacent to seminiferous tubules in the testes responsible for testosterone secretion.
What are Sertoli Cells?
Cells located in seminiferous tubules in the testes that provide nourishment and protection to cells produced during spermatogenesis.
Describe the structure of a mature sperm cell.
Acrosome contains digestive enzyme to break down zona pellucia of egg
Flagellum for propulsion
Many mitochondria for energy.
What is oogenesis?
Gametogenesis in females to produce secondary oocytes.
Where does oogenesis take place?
Ovaries
Outline stages of oogenesis
Primordial germ cell
Oogonia
Primary oocyte
Secondary oocyte and polar body
Ootid and polar bodies
Ovum
How do primary oocytes form?
Primordial germline cells in ovaries –> oogonia via mitosis
Oogonia –> primary oocytes via growth and NO division
Meiosis begins but is on pause on Prophase I until puberty.
What happens during the first meiotic division of oogenesis?
Primary oocyte –> secondary oocyte in Meiosis I
Polar Body buds off and sticks to oocyte
What is a polar body?
A haploid cell produced during meiosis in females that does not have the ability to be fertilised.
Wehn is the second meiotic division of oogenesis completed?
Meiosis II initiated but paused in Metaphase II until fertilisation.
