Abd Cavity/Blood Supply - General Info

Question 1

Abd cavity borders?

Answer 1

sup – thoracic diaphragm
inf – pelvic inlet

Question 2

Abdomino-pelvic cavity borders?

Answer 2

sup – thoracic diaphragm
inf – pelvic diaphragm

Question 3

What lines divide the abd cavity into 4 quadrants?

Answer 3

vertically – xiphoid process to pubic symphysis
horizontally – line through navel (umbilicus)

Question 4

Intraperitoneal organs? (8)

***SALTSRSS

Answer 4

stomach, appendix, liver, transverse colon, small int, rectum (sup 1/3), sigmoid colon, spleen

Question 5

Retroperitoneal organs? (11)

***BISADPUCKER

Answer 5

bladder, IVC, suprarenal glands, aorta, duodenum, pancreas, ureter, colon (asc/desc), kidneys, esophagus, rectum (inf 2/3)

Question 6

Different sheets of peritoneum? (3)

Answer 6

– omenta (greater and lesser on corresponding stomach curvatures)

– mesenteries (attach viscera to abd wall)

– ligaments (named portions providing support)

Question 7

The digestive tract is synonymous to the ______________.

Answer 7

alimentary canal

Question 8

What is the path of the digestive tract/alimentary canal?

Answer 8

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Question 9

What is the path of the GI tract?

Answer 9

stomach, small int, large int, anus

Question 10

Upper GI versus lower GI?

Answer 10

upper – stomach and duodenum
lower – small and large int

Question 11

What does the digestive system include?

Answer 11

alimentary canal/digestive tract AND accessory organs (liver, gall bladder, pancreas, etc)

Question 12

Parts of pharynx? (3)

Answer 12

nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx

Question 13

Parts of larynx? (3)

Answer 13

supraglottis (including epiglottis), glottis, vocal folds, hypoglottis

Question 14

Esophagus terminates at the ______________

Answer 14

cardiac sphincter (cardiac orifice is, cardiac sphincter controls opening of that)

Question 15

junction between esophagus and stomach and what controls that structure

Answer 15

cardiac sphincter controls the cardiac orifice

Question 16

What happens if there is dysfunction of the cardiac sphincter?

Answer 16

gastric reflux

Question 17

The esophagus runs posterior to…

Answer 17

the larynx and trachea

Question 18

The esophagus is inn by…

Answer 18

vagus n

Question 19

Parts of stomach? (4)

Answer 19

cardiac, fundus, body, pylorus

Question 20

Termination of stomach is at the ___________

Answer 20

pyloric sphincter (smooth m control bw stomach and duodenum of small int)

Question 21

Why do gastric ulcers occur?

Answer 21

– increased acid secretion or
– insufficient mucus secretion

Question 22

using camera to view gastric ulcers

Answer 22

endoscopy

Question 23

What parts of the small intestine are intra/retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

duodenum – retroperitoneal
jejunum – intraperitoneal
ileum – intraperitoneal

Question 24

In relation to hip osteology, where is the iliocecal valve?

Answer 24

right iliac fossa

Question 25

Vomit color in duodenal perforation versus stomach ulcers?

Answer 25

duodenal perf -- bright red blood stomach ulcers -- coffee grounds

Question 26

3 major parts of large intestine?

Answer 26

first part -- cecum/appendix second part -- colon (4 parts) third part -- rectum/anus

Question 27

What reflex allows the sphincter of the iliocecal valve to open, allowing material to pass from small intestine to large intestine?

Answer 27

iliocecal reflex

Question 28

What is the appendix?

Answer 28

-- small appendage off the cecum -- secondary lymph organ, serves very little function

Question 29

What is McBurney's Point?

Answer 29

-- name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus -- point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix

Question 30

The internal anal sphincter is ____________ (parasympathetic) and the external anal sphincter is _______________.

Answer 30

internal -- involuntary (parasympathetic) external -- voluntary

Question 31

What is a diverticulum?

Answer 31

weakness in the intestinal wall

Question 32

What is diverticulitis?

Answer 32

-- inflammation or infection in one or more small pouches in the digestive tract -- painful and often in desc or sigmoid colon (L lower quadrant)

Question 33

What is peritonitis?

Answer 33

-- inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs -- caused by leakage or hole in appendix, such as burst appendix

Question 34

What are hemorrhoids?

Answer 34

enlarged veins located within tissues of lower potion of rectum or anus

Question 35

Bleeding diff bw external hemorrhoids and internal GI bleeding?

Answer 35

ext hemorrhoids -- bright red blood int GI -- dark blood

Question 36

Which are more dangerous- internal or external hemorrhoids?

Answer 36

internal; they can rupture

Question 37

Describe where the pancreas is in the body

Answer 37

-- retroperitoneal -- post to stomach, bw duodenum on the right, spleen on the left

Question 38

Function of pancreas? (3)

Answer 38

-- both an exocrine and endocrine gland -- exocrine into GI tract -- endocrine into bloodstream

Question 39

Endocrine function of pancreas?

Answer 39

-- into bloodstream -- secreted from specialized areas of cells called Islets of Langerhans, which secreting insulin-glucose uptake, glucagon-glucose release, somatostatin (limits release of other hormones such as growth hormone and insulin)

Question 40

Exocrine function of pancreas?

Answer 40

-- exocrine secretes digestive enzymes into pancreatic duct within pancreas, joins with gall bladder to form a short portal called the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater -- opens into desc part of duodenum

Question 41

What is the pathway of bile?

Answer 41

-- cystic duct comes off gall bladder -- right and left hepatic ducts come from liver, combine to form the common hepatic duct -- the cystic duct (of GB) and common hepatic duct (of liver) combine to make the common bile duct -- the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct of the pancreas dump their contents through the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater in desc duodenum

Question 42

Surfaces of liver? (3)

Answer 42

ant, post, inferior (visceral)

Question 43

Lobes of liver? (4)

Answer 43

right (larger) left (smaller) caudate (post side) quadrate (ant side)

Question 44

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 44

entry point of hepatic aa (blood from heart) and portal v (blood from intestines), and exit of hepatic ducts (bile back to intestines)

Question 45

What do hepatic veins do?

Answer 45

-- drain liver of blood that has entered via portal circulation back out to systemic venous circulation -- short bc close to IVC, which they drain into

Question 46

Innervation of liver/porta hepatis?

Answer 46

autonomic NS

Question 47

Function of gall bladder?

Answer 47

stores bile produced by the liver

Question 48

What forms the common hepatic duct?

Answer 48

right and left hepatic ducts

Question 49

What forms the common bile duct?

Answer 49

cystic duct (of GB) and common hepatic duct (of liver)

Question 50

What joins to dump bile into the desc duodenum through the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater?

Answer 50

common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Question 51

Gall stones are associated with pain where?

Answer 51

upper R quadrant / upper right shoulder

Question 52

Why are gall stones dangerous?

Answer 52

may plug the duct and end up with pancreatitis

Question 53

What quadrant is the spleen in?

Answer 53

upper L quadrant

Question 54

Surfaces of spleen? (2)

Answer 54

diaphragmatic -- towards diaphragm visceral -- houses hilus, which receives blood vessels and nerves

Question 55

Function of spleen?

Answer 55

filter blood, is a secondary lymph organ