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Block 4: Thorax/Abdomen/Pelvis/Perineum > Mediastinum & Heart - Heart > Flashcards

Mediastinum & Heart - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is enclosed in a double membrane called the _______.

A

pericardium

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2
Q

What are the layers and sublayers of the pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium (most superficial)
serous pericardium (deep, has 2 layers; parietal, visceral)

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3
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium adhere to? (2)

A

diaphragm (inferiorly)
roots of great vessels

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4
Q

Functions of fibrous pericardium? (2)

A

hold heart in place
prevent overfilling

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5
Q

What composes the serous pericardium, from external to internal? (3)

A

parietal layer
pericardial cavity (w serous fluid)
serous layer (epicardium)

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6
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

– infection/inflammation leading to roughening of serous membrane

– causes rustling sound (pericardial friction rub)

– can lead to formation of adhesions to fibrous layer

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7
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

– fluid can build up in pericaridal cavity and limit expansion of heart bw beats

– diminishes hearts ability to pump blood

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8
Q

What are the 8 great vessels?

A

SVC, IVC, aorta, pulm trunk (1R/1L artery), 4 pulm veins (2R/2L vv)

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9
Q

The SVC and IVC enter what part of the heart?

A

right atrium

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10
Q

The aorta extends from what part of the heart?

A

left ventricle

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11
Q

The pulm trunk exits what part of the heart and what does it carry?

A

right ventricle
carries deoxygenated blood

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12
Q

True or false – The pulmonary arteries are thicker walled than pulmonary veins.

A

True – high pressure system, have to have thicker walls

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13
Q

The pulmonary veins enter what part of the heart and what do they carry?

A

left atrium
oxygenated blood

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14
Q

What are the parts of the right side of the heart and as a whole what are they responsible for?

A

– R atrium, R ventricle, pulm trunk
– receiving deoxy blood and delivering to lungs

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15
Q

What are the parts of the left side of the heart and as a whole what are they responsible for?

A

– L atrium, L ventricle, aorta
– receiving oxy blood from lungs and delivering to whole body (except lungs)

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16
Q

Features of the right atrium? (4)

A

– auricle
– sinus venarum
– crista terminalis
– pectinate m

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17
Q

Where is the auricle?

A

right atrium; in front of root of aorta

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18
Q

The sinus venarum of the right atrium is the location of…

A

IVC and SVC
coronary sinus

19
Q

What does the crista terminalis do in the right atrium?

A

separate smooth from rough portions of chamber

20
Q

The right atrium receives blood flow from…

A

SVC (tricuspid orifice)
IVC (valve)

21
Q

Where and what is the infundibulum?

A

right ventricle
smooth walled outflow tract, ends at pulm valve

22
Q

The inflow area of the right ventricle has many __________.

A

trabeculae (is a rough surface)

23
Q

Where is the left atrium in relation to the right atrium?

A

post and slightly to the left

24
Q

True or false; The walls of the left atrium are rough.

A

False; LA is a smooth walled chamber

25
Q

The wall bw the two atria is the _____________.

A

interatrial septum

26
Q

What valve is bw the LA and LV?

A

mitral / bicuspid / left atrioventricular

27
Q

True or false; Inflow and outflow tracts in the LV are very close to each other.

A

True

28
Q

What are the valves of the heart? (4)

A

pulm semilunar valve (RV-lungs)
aortic semilunar valve (LV-aorta)
right atrioventricular / tricuspid valve (RA-RV)
left atrioventricular / bicuspid valve (LA-LV)

29
Q

Which is the largest of the 4 heart valves?

A

right AV (tricuspid) valve

30
Q

What are the leaflets of the RAV/tricuspid valve and what separates them?

A

– septal, ant, post
– separated by commissure

31
Q

What helps keep the valve leaflets closed during systole?

A

chordae tendinae

32
Q

What do the chordae tendinae attach?

A

attach papillary mm to inf surface of rough zone of leaflets

33
Q

What are the leaflets of the pulm semilunar valve?

A

left post, right post, ant

34
Q

What are the leaflets of the LAV/mitral/bicuspid valve?

A

post and ant
(*ant is a true single leaflet; post is made up of 2 or 3 smaller subleaflets)

35
Q

What assists in preventing mitral regurgitation in systole?

A

chordae tendineae from LV attach to mitral valve leaflets

36
Q

the heart lies in the thorax posterior to the

A

sternum and costal cartilages

37
Q

which great vessels are considered a relatively low pressure system?

A

4 pulmonary veins

38
Q

pulmonary veins are ____ walled than pulmonary arteries

A

thinner walled

39
Q

pumps deoxygenated blood from pulmonary trunk to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

A

right ventricle

40
Q

receives oxygenated blood from lungs via the pulmonary veins

A

left atrium

41
Q

right or left ventricle has a thicker wall?

A

right ventricle

42
Q

valve closes increases pressure and prevents backflow to right ventricle during diastole

A

semilunar (pulmonary) valve

43
Q

innervation of the heart

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic NS plus visceral sensory

Block 4: Thorax/Abdomen/Pelvis/Perineum (22 decks)

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