Thorax & Lungs - General Thorax Info

Question 1

Contents of thoracic cavity (3)

Answer 1

2 pleural cavities (parietal and visceral plurae), mediastinum (heart, 8 great vessels)

Question 2

Diff bw parietal and visceral pleurae?

Answer 2

parietal – lines thoracic wall highly inn w pain receptors
visceral – on surface of organs, not sensitive to pain

Question 3

What are the 8 ‘great vessels?’

Answer 3

aorta, sup and inf vena cava, pulm trunk, 4 pulm veins

Question 4

3 types of ribs and their numbers?

Answer 4

true ribs – 1-7
false ribs – 8-10
floating ribs – 11-12

Question 5

What are the typical ribs?

Answer 5

ribs 3-9 (2 facets, neck, tubercle)

Question 6

How does typical rib art with the vertebra?

Answer 6

SAF of head of rib – ICF of upper number vert and IVD
IAF of head of rib – SCF of same number vert
tubercle of rib – art facet of TP of same number vert

Question 7

What are the atypical ribs?

Answer 7

1, 2, 10-12

Question 8

What is atypical about rib 1?

Answer 8

broadest, shortest, most sharply curved, one art facet on head (T1), scalene tubercle

Question 9

What is atypical about rib 2?

Answer 9

less curved and longer than the first, art with T1 and T2, tubercle for serratus anterior

Question 10

What is atypical about ribs 10-12?

Answer 10

only one facet on head, only art with one vert

Question 11

What is atypical about ribs 11-12?

Answer 11

no necks, no tubercles, (only one facet, only art w one vert)

Question 12

The sternal (jugular) notch is at the level of…

Answer 12

T3-T4

Question 13

The sternal angle is at the level of…

Answer 13

2nd rib

Question 14

Where do ribs 2 and 7 art with the sternal body?

Answer 14

2nd - sternal angle
7th - joint bw body and xiphoid process

Question 15

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nn are there?

Answer 15

12

Question 16

What makes up the 12 intercostal nn?

Answer 16

ventral rami of T1-T12 make up the intercostal nn

Question 17

What level is the subcostal nerve at?

Answer 17

T12

Question 18

Dorsal rami of T1-T12 supply…

Answer 18

bones, joints, mm and skin of posterior thorax

Question 19

What do the thoracic spinal nn do at the angles of the ribs?

Answer 19

run bw the innermost and internal intercostal mm (and give rise to dermatomes topographically)

Question 20

What bb come off the thoracic aorta?

Answer 20

posterior intercostal a –> subcostal a (lies below last rib, is last pair of bb from thoracic aorta)

Question 21

What bb come off the subclavian a?

Answer 21

internal thoracic a –> ant intercostal a

Question 22

What bb come off the axillary a?

Answer 22

sup thoracic a
lat thoracic a

Question 23

Intercostal vessels pass bw what mm?

Answer 23

internal and innermost intercostal mm

Question 24

Locational relationship bw nerves and vasculature of thoracic wall?

Answer 24

in the thoracic wall, arteries are sup to the nerve but inf to the vein (sup to inf – ‘VAN’)

Question 25

the thorax is formed by:

Answer 25

* 12 pairs of ribs * 12 thoracic vertebrae * sternum * costal cartilage

Question 26

thorax cage protects what?

Answer 26

* heart * lungs * trachea * great vessels

Question 27

thorax cage supports what structure?

Answer 27

shoulder gridle

Question 28

attach directly to the sternum via own costal cartilage

Answer 28

true ribs (1-7)

Question 29

their cartilages join the cartilage of the rib above

Answer 29

false ribs (8-10)

Question 30

no real cartilage attachment

Answer 30

floating ribs (11-12)

Question 31

manubrium articulates with body of the sternum at the

Answer 31

stenal angle

Question 32

the sternal body articulates inferiorly with

Answer 32

xiphoid process

Question 33

upper respiratory system consists of

Answer 33

nose to lowest portion of superior mediastinum

Question 34

lower respiratory system consists of

Answer 34

trachea and extends into the lungs

Question 35

begins at C6 level at inferior border of T4 divides into left and right primary (main) bronchi

Answer 35

trachea

Question 36

when a person aspirates where does it typically end up?

Answer 36

right primary bronchus

Question 37

Terminal Bronchioles give rise to the ____ ____

Answer 37

respiratory bronchioles

Question 38

Respiratory bronchioles give rise to the ____ ____ that terminate into ____ ____ and ultimately ____

Answer 38

Respiratory bronchioles give rise to the **alveolar ducts** that terminate into **alveolar sacs** and ultimately **alveoli**

Question 39

connecting alveolar sacs & bronchioles - collect & direct oxygen entering alveoli & carbon dioxide exiting lungs

Answer 39

alveolar ducts

Question 40

where the lungs & blood exchange oxygen & carbon dioxide during breathing in and out (gas exhange)

Answer 40

alveoli

Question 41

covers visceral organs *(lungs, heart, organs of digestive, excretory, reproductive & circulatory system)*

Answer 41

visceral pleura

Question 42

covers the thoracic wall

Answer 42

parietal pleura

Question 43

* space between 2 layers * contains serous pleural fluid * lubricates to allow smooth movement over the surfaces

Answer 43

pleural cavity

Question 44

the lingual extends into & out of the ____ ____ during respiration

Answer 44

costodiaphramatic recess

Question 45

how many lobes and fissures can be found in the **right lung**?

Answer 45

3 lobes - superior, middle, inferior 2 fissures - oblique, horizontal

Question 46

how many lobes and fissures can be found in the **left lung**?

Answer 46

2 lobes - superior, inferior 1 fissure - oblique

Question 47

structure that carries air into and out of the lungs to/from the trachea

Answer 47

bronchus

Question 48

carry **deoxygenated** blood from the right ventricle of the **heart to the lungs** to pick up oxygenated blood

Answer 48

pulmonary arteries

Question 49

carry **oxygenated** blood from the lungs to left atrium/left ventricle of the heart where it is **pumped to the rest of the body**

Answer 49

pulmonary veins

Question 50

the thoracic duct empties into the junction of the left ____ and left ____ ____ ____

Answer 50

left **subclavian** and left **internal jugualr veins**