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Y3 symptoms > Abdo > Flashcards

Abdo Flashcards

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1
Q

intermittent dysphagia of both solids and liquids

A

achalasia

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2
Q

RUQ pain, inflam, palpable mass, R shoulder pain, murphys signs

A

acute cholecyctitis

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3
Q

epig pain radiating to back, relieved by sitting forward, worse on movement, cullens + grey-turners

A

acute panc

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4
Q

RUQ pain, heamatemesis, melaena, dupuytren contracture, palmar erythema, spider naevi, gynocomastia

A

alco hep

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5
Q

tearing pain on defacation, blood on wiping

A

anal fissure

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6
Q

central abdo pain which later localises to RLQ, roving sign, dec bowel sounds, fever

A

appendicitis

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7
Q

fever, anorexia, hepatomeg, jaundice, circulating autoantibodies

A

AI hep

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8
Q

distention, jaundice, haematemisis, melaena, leukonychia, palmar erythema, asterisks, icterus, clubbing, loss of sexual hair, periph oedema

A

cirrhosis

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9
Q

diarrhoea, abdo discomfort, osteoporosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, Fe def anaemia

A

coeliac

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10
Q

chronic diarrhoea, RLQ pain, blood in stools, fever, fatugue

A

crohns

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11
Q

colicky, worsting abdo pain, feel hot and cold, guarding, tenderness, western diet, obese, >50, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis

A

diverticular disease

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12
Q

sudden RUQ pain, constant, may radiate to shoulder

A

biliary colic

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13
Q

charcots triad - RUQ tenderness, fever, jaundice

A

cholangitis

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14
Q

palpable epig mass, virchows node, sister mary joseph node (above umbilicus)

A

gastric cancer

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15
Q

epigastric pain, N&V, no suspicious features of malig,fever, emesis

A

gastritis

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16
Q

painless rectal bleeding esp on wiping

A

haemorrhoids

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17
Q

sudden onset diffuse abdo pain, signs of shock ,

A

intestinal ischaemia

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18
Q

diffuse pain, constipation/obstipation, tinkling bowel sounds

A

intestinal obstruction

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19
Q

severe vomiting then blood streaked vomit, chest pain

A

mallory-wells tear

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20
Q

progressive dysphagia from solids to liquids, FLAWS, burning chest pain

A

oesophageal cancer

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21
Q

painless jaundice with palpable abdo mass, FLAWS

A

panc cancer

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22
Q

pain on eating, anorexia

A

gastric ulcer

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23
Q

pain relieved by eating, wake at night, obesity

A

duodenal ulcer

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24
Q

coffee ground vomit + melena, background of H.pylori/NSAID use

A

ruptured peptic ulcer

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25
rectal bleeding, back pain (sacroilitis), red eyes (epscleritis), erythema nodosum, inc freq and severity of diarrhoea, erythema nodosum
Ulcerative collitis
26
fever, jaundice, raised AST/ALT,
viral hep
27
upturned U on abdo xray
sigmoid volvulus
28
abdo xray - absence of normal caecum in RIF
caecal volvulus
29
CLD (jaundice, easy bruising), tremor, early onset Parkinson's, keyser fletcher rings
wilsons disease
30
achalasia inv
endoscopy, barium swallow, oesophageal manometry
31
achalasia management
balloon dilation
32
comp of achalasia
asp pneumonia, SC oesophageal carcinoma, GORD
33
what causes porcelain gallbladder
=thickened wall with air in | caused by ischaeia + inf with gas producing org
34
causes of acute panc
I GET SMASHED idiopathic, gallstones, ethanol, trauma, steroids, mumps, AI, scorpion bites, Hypercalcaemia, ERCP, drugs
35
common comp of acute panc
panc psuedocysts = fullness in epic 2-3 weeks after | panc carcinoma
36
CA19-9 tumour marker
panc carcinoma
37
marker for panc insuff
faecal elastase
38
Tx for panc insufficiency
oral enz rep
39
comp of ERCP
perforation, asp pneumonia, haemorrhage, acute panc, ascending cholangitis
40
what is the management for alcohol hep
``` alco management - omazepan, diazepam pabrinex (IV thiamine) IV vit correct electrolyte/glucose abn oral lactulose (vs encephalopathy) diuretics steroid therapy ```
41
Tx for AI hep
corticosteroids + immunosupp
42
comp of corticosteroids
osteoporosis, DM, HTN, cateracts
43
changes in barrets oesophagus
sq to columnar
44
management of barrels O
PPI + radiofreq ablation/resection
45
main complications of cirrhosis
``` portal HTN (-> varices + haemorrhoids) hepatorenal syndro ```
46
genetic RF for colorectal cancer
FAP, HNPCC
47
left vs right side colorectal cancer
L - presents earlier w/ PR bleed, tenesmus, mass on DRE -> obs R- presents later -> anaemia
48
what can mimic crohns
TB/Yersinia
49
inflam in CD
patchy inflam extending through all layers | , can affect anywhere in GIT but esp ileum/ascending colon
50
management of CD
busonide, 5ASA, corticosteroids
51
where are diverticulitis most common
95% = sigmoid
52
FBC findings in diverticular disease
polymorphonuclear leukocytosis
53
Imaging for gallstones
USS - 90% are cholesterol - radiopaque
54
courvoiseirs law
painless jaundice w/ palpable gallbladder is not gallstones
55
fatigue, bronze skin, diabetes, hepatomeg, arteritis, inc serum iron
haemochromatosis
56
femoral hernia
below ing lig, below and lat to pubic tubercles, often strangulated
57
Inguinal hernia
above ing lig, above and med to pubic tubercle
58
Direct hernia,
through abdo wall, med to inf epic a.
59
indirect hernia
through ing canal, lat to inf epig a.
60
AFP tumour marker
hepatocellular carcinoma
61
cause of pseudomembranous collitis
c dif
62
bloating, fever, shock, colon dilation
toxic megacolon
63
what is rigler's sign
air on both sides of intestinal wall - pneumoperitoneum
64
how to tell difference between large and small bowel on CXR
small = valve comitantes
65
main causes of liver cysts
E. coli, klebsiella, strep milleri
66
why would liver biopsy be contra ind
major comp = bleeding | contra if extensive ascites of INR >2.5
67
management of oesophageal varices
ABCDE terlipressin - dec portal HTN endoscopy + band ligation
68
NSAIDS and PUD
NSAIDS inhib COX1 -> dec prostaglandin synth and inc gastric damage so in risk PUD
69
management of H. pylori + PUD
PPI + 2 antibiotics
70
management of H. pylori neg PUD
PPI (-prazole) or H2 antag (-tidine)
71
inflam in UC
continuous inflam of colonic mucosal layer extending proximally in a release/remitting course
72
genetic RF associated with UC
HLA-B27
73
stool findings in UC
neg cultures, inc calprotein
74
management of UC
IV hydrocortisone mesalazine (5ASA) - maintains remission and dec cancer risk if unresponsive - ifliximab (TNF alpha suppressor)
75
HBV vs HCV prognosis
HBV - most adults clear | HCV - most adults become chronic carriers
76
HBV serology
HbsAg - active inf HbeAg - infective anti-HbS - immune anti-Hbc - caught in past
77
HEP A - transmission, RF
face-oral (contamination water + shellfish), poor hygiene
78
Hep B transmission, RF
bodily fluids, health workers in africa, likely chronic in kids
79
Hep c transmission, RF
blood products, injecting drugs, most adults become carriers
80
Hep D transmission, RF
bodily fluids, co-inf with hep B
81
Hep E transmission, RF
face-oral, immunocomp,
82
volvulus asso with malig
``` sigmoid = no asso caecal = high asso with large bowl malig ```
83
inv for wilsons
dec serum caereuloplasmin, inc urinary copper
84
zollinger-ellison syndrome
neuroendocrine tumour in panc producing gastrin -> 90% get PUD inc fasting serum gastrin

Y3 symptoms (15 decks)

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