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Y3 symptoms > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

rings/clothes no longer fit, inc sweating, coarse facial feat, headaches, carpel tunnel, sleep apnea

A

acromegaly

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2
Q

inc pigmentation, postural HTN, loss of body hair, fatigue, wight loss, recent TB inf,

A

Adrenal insuf

addisons

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3
Q

gradual onset, painful morning stiffness, ? mark posture

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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4
Q

convulsions, arythmies, tetany, paraesthesia, trousseau, chvostek

A

hypocal

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5
Q

renal stones, bone pain, polyuria, abdo pain, depression, anxiety

A

hypercal

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6
Q

paroxysmal flushing, diarrhoea, cramping, abdo pain, wheeze, sweating,
urine - inc 5HIAA

A

carcinoid syndrome

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7
Q

centripetal obesity, fat pad on back, ankle oedema, purple striae

A

cushings syndro

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8
Q

polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, hyponat (lethargy, irritability, confusion)

A

DI

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9
Q

polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, tiredness

A

DM

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10
Q

N&V, kussmaul breathing, abdo pain, sweet breath

A

DKA

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11
Q

acute mono arthritis esp in 1 MTP,

joint aspirate = turbid/yelloww/ dec viscosity and inc WCC

A

gout

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12
Q

muscle weakness, VF, ECG (absent p, wide QRS, tented T)

A

hyperkal

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13
Q

muscle weakness and spasm, cardiac arrhythmia, polyuria/polydipsia

A

hypokal

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14
Q

lethargy, irritability, thirst, signs of dehydration, confusion, fits, coma

A

hypernat

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15
Q

postural HTN, dry mucous memb, tachycardia,

RF - vom, diuretics,periph oedema

A

hypovol hyponat

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16
Q

pehiph oedema, inc JVP

Hx of HF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndro

A

hypervol hyponat

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17
Q

galactorrhea, amenorrhoea, infertility, dec libido

A

hyperprolactinaemia

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18
Q

heat intolerance, palp, tachycardia, weight loss, diarrhoea, mentrual irreg, tremor

A

hyperthy

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19
Q

cold intolerance, bradycardia, lethargy, weight gain, constipation, dry skin

A

hypothy

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20
Q 
joint pain (worse at end of day), joint stiffness in morning, joint crepitus
esp in weight bearing/heavily used joints
A

osteoarthritis

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21
Q

fractures, bone pain, proximal myopathy, fatigue, hypocal

A

osteomalacia

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22
Q

inc fractures, back pain, thoracic kyphosis

RF - post menopause, steroids, cushings,SLE

A

osteoporosis

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23
Q

bone pain (esp femur, pelvis and skull), sensorineural hearing loss, bone bossing, warm skin over painful area

A

Pagets

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24
Q

paroxysmal attacks of palp, headaches, episodic sweating

inc catecholamines in urine

A

phaecromocytoma

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25
hirsutism, acne, oligo/amenorrhoea, weight gain
POS
26
HTN, symptoms of hypokal (muscle weakness, cramps, polyuria, nocturia)
hyperaldosteronism | conns
27
Reiter syndro - can't see (conjunctivitis), can't pee (urethritis), can't climb a tree (arthritis) 2 weeks after inf (chlamydia, campylobacter, gonorrhoea, shigella)
reactive arthritis
28
morning joint pain and joint stiffness, joint deformities, nodules, lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, AoCD
rheumatoid arthritis
29
severe pain/swelling and dec range of movement in one joint (normally knee), fever, joint aspirate shows >90% neutrophils
septic arthritis
30
dec serum Na, inc urine osmo, inc urine Na
SIADH
31
inv for acromegaly
serum IGF-1 OGTT - failure to suppress GH after 75mg glucose load Brain MRI to visualise tumour
32
Management for acromegaly
``` transphenoidal hypophysectomy somatostatin analogue (octreotide) ```
33
hormones def in addisons
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens
34
Inv for addisons
9am cortisol <100nmol | short synACTHen test - serum cortisol <550 @30mins
35
management for addisonan crisis
rapid IV fluids, dextrose, hydrocortisone, treat cause
36
management for chronic adrenal insuff
replace; Glucocorticoids - hydrocortisone - inc dose in times of stress mineralocorticoids - fludrocortisone
37
inv /diagnosis of amyloidosis
green bifringence under polarised light with congo red stain
38
where does ankylosing spondylitis mainly affect
spine + sacroiliac joints
39
where are the most common sites for carcinoid tumours
appendix/rectum
40
urine findings in carcinoid syndrome
inc 5HIAA
41
what is cushings disease
ACTH sec pit adenoma
42
most common exogenous cause of cushings syndrome
steroids
43
management for cushings syndro
metyrapone/ketoconazole - inhib cortisol synth | transphenoidal hypophysectomy
44
Inv for cushings
24 hr urinary free cortisol (diagnostic if morning cortisol >50nanomol) low dose dexamethasone suppression - cushings -> cortisol remains high plasma acth
45
management for CDI
intranasal desmopressin
46
management for NDI
thiazide diuretics or NSAIDs
47
genetic RF for DM
HLA DR3/4
48
inv for DM
fasting blood glucose >7 | random blood glucose >11.1
49
xray findings in gout
rat bite erosions
50
ecg changes in hyperkal
absent p waves, wide QRS, tented T
51
management for hypokal
correct Mg if k = 3-3.5 - oral potassium chloride and check in 48hr if k <3 - iv potassium chloride
52
ECG findings in hypokal
prolonged QT interval, U wave, A/V arrhythmias
53
management for hypernat
replace water
54
management for severe hyponat and risks
giver hypertonic saline | change in [Na] must not exceed 10mmol/24hr or risk of central pontine myelinosis
55
management for hyperprolactinaemia
DA agonist - bromocriptine/cabergoline | surgery
56
what is thyroiditis
inc release of stored thyroid hormones
57
hyperthyroidism inv
dec TSH, inc T3/T4
58
exophalmos, pretibial myxoedema, everything sped up
graves
59
management for hypothyroidism
levothyroxine | 25-200mg daily
60
where are tumours commonly found in MEN1
parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia pancreatic insulinoma/gastroma pituitary - prolactinoma, acromegaly, adrenal/carcinoid tumour
61
common presentations of MEN2
100% - medullary thyroid cancer 50% - phaeocromocytoma parathyroid hyperplasia
62
bloods in vit D def osteomalacia
dec Ca, dec PO4, inc PTH, dec vit D, inc ALP
63
bloods in CKD osteomalacia
dec Ca, inc PO4, inc PTH, inc vit D, inc ALP
64
management for osteomalacia
IV Ca gluconate Vit D def -ergocalciferol CKD -alfacalcidol
65
Xray findings in osteomalacia
looser frac
66
most common infectious cause of osteomyelitis
staph aureus
67
what bones are normally affected in osteomyelitis
``` kids = long bones adults = vertebrae ```
68
what scores do you get from a dexa scan
T score -pt comparison compared to young/healthy Z score - age matched -1->-2.5 = osteopenia
69
inv for pagets
bloods - inc ALP Serum CTX - marker for bine resorption serum PINP - maker for bone formation Tec99 bone scan - hot spots =lytic areas
70
from where do phaecromocytomas arise
catecholamine prod chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla | -> excess adrenaline
71
treamtment for phaeocromocytoma
complete alpha and beta blockade phenoxylbenzamine - non rev alpha antag propanolol = non selective beta block
72
inv for POS
bloods - inc LH/testosterone/LH:FSH, decsex hormone binding globulin
73
what are the results of excess aldosterone
inc Na/H2O retention -> HTN | inc K loss -> hypoka
74
main causes for primary hyperaldosteronism and precedence
``` conns syndro (70%) - adrenal adenoma, young female bilat adrenal cortex hyperplasia - older guy ```
75
how do you differentiate the causes of pri hyperaldoseronism
postural test - measure aldos at 8am lying down then 4 hours after Conns- aldos sec decreases BACH - aldos sec inc
76
management for conns
adrenalectomy
77
management for bilat adrenal hyperplasia
aldosterone inhib - spironolactone
78
management for pri hyperpara
Iv fluids + biphos | transphenoidal hypophysectomy
79
calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joints
pseudogout
80
xray findings in pseudogout
white lines of chondrocalcinosis
81
RF for rheumatoid
HLADR4 | smoking
82
xray findings in rheumatoid artheritis
uniform joint space narrowing, joint erosions at margins, osteopenia
83
causes of septic artheritis
<30 - nesseria gonorrhoea | >30 - staph aureus
84
management for SIADH
treat underlying cause, fluid restriction | if ineffective demeclocycline or vasopressin R antag (tolvaptan)
85
strong association with thyroid cancer
MEN2

Y3 symptoms (15 decks)

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