Haem

Question 1

normocytic normochromic anemia, hypercelllular bone marrow aspirate with >20% lymphoblansts
more common in kids

Answer 1

ALL

Question 2

symptoms of bone marrow failure and tissue infiltration
microcytic anaemia. neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
perish blood smear - auer rods + myeloblasts
are common in adults

Answer 2

AML

Question 3

hypermetabolic, splenomegaly, inc sweating, inc basophils/eosinophils on blood smear,

Answer 3

CML

Question 4

blood film - smudge/smear cells

hepatosplenomeg, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow failure

Answer 4

CLL

Question 5

microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia, diarrhoea
young kids

Answer 5

HUS (D+)

Question 6

microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia, fever, fluctuating CNS signs
adult females

Answer 6

TTP

Question 7

haemarthrosis (swollen + painful joints), bleeding into muscles, haematuria, fe def anaemia, inc APTT

Answer 7

haemophilia

Question 8

bleeding with the absence of systemic symptoms and absence of meds that cause thrombocytopenia

Answer 8

ITP

Question 9

non tender lymphadenopathy that becomes painful after drinking alcohol, fever, night sweats, weight loss

Answer 9

hodgkins lymphoma

Question 10

non-tender lymphadenopathy, night sweats, fever, weight loss, skin rash, abdo mass, signs of bone marrow failure

Answer 10

non-hodgkins lymphoma

Question 11

dec serum iron, dec serum ferritin, inc transferrin, dec transferrin sat

Answer 11

fe def anaemia

Question 12

dec serum iron, inc ferritin, dec transferrin

Answer 12

thallasaemia

Question 13

inc calcium, renal failure, anaemia, bone disease, hypergammaglobinaemia, bone marrow aspirate (excess plasma cells)

Answer 13

multiple myeloma

Question 14

chronic cytopenia (symptoms of anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) and abnormal cell maturation (-> secondary AML), no splenomeg

Answer 14

Myelodysplasia

Question 15

progressive bone marrow fibrosis with extra medullary haematopoiesis and splenomeg
blood film - RBC/WBC precursor in peripheral blood, darocytes (tear drop cells)

Answer 15

myelofibrosis

Question 16

macrocytic anaemia, palpitations, headache ,neurological symptoms (paraesthesia, numbness, visual disturbances, cognitive changes, periph neuropathy)

Answer 16

vit B12 def

Question 17

easy bruising, epistaxis, heavy menstrual bleed, blood in stool/urine,
inc bleeding time, inc APTT, dec F8

Answer 17

VWD

Question 18

RF for ALL

Answer 18

downs syndrome, radiation, viruses

Question 19

ALL most common in

Answer 19

kids (2-5)

Question 20

Bone marrow aspirate in ALL

Answer 20

hyper cellular w/ >20% lymphoblasts

Question 21

chr abn for AML

Answer 21

t(15;17)

Question 22

chr abn for CML

Answer 22

t(9;22)

BCR-ABL fusion

Question 23

management for CML

Answer 23

TKI + chemo

Question 24

CML blood smear

Answer 24

inc baso/eosinophils

Question 25

AML periph blood smear

Answer 25

blasts on film + auer rods

Question 26

blood film CLL

Answer 26

smudge/smear cells

Question 27

precedence for CLL

Answer 27

inc with age

Question 28

treatment for DIC

Answer 28

treat underlying disorder platelets + coag factors = FFP fibrinogen = cryoprecipitate

Question 29

test for AI haemolytic anaemia

Answer 29

direct coombs test

Question 30

infectious causes of HUS

Answer 30

E. coli and shigella

Question 31

D+ HUS most common in

Answer 31

young kids

Question 32

TTP most common in

Answer 32

adult women

Question 33

management for ITP

Answer 33

IVIg + corticosteroid + platelet transfusion

Question 34

reed sternberg cells

Answer 34

hodgkins lymphoma

Question 35

staging for lymphomas

Answer 35

ann-arbor

Question 36

test for pernicious anaemia

Answer 36

schilling test

Question 37

treatment for pernicious anemia

Answer 37

IM hydroxycobalamin for life

Question 38

comp of pernicious anemia

Answer 38

inc risk gastric cancer

Question 39

comp of folate def anaemia

Answer 39

spina bifida

Question 40

4 causes of microcytic anaemia

Answer 40

FAST | fe def, AoCD, siberoblastic, thalassaemia,

Question 41

management for Fe def anaemia

Answer 41

ferous sulphate + transfusion

Question 42

serum/urine electrophoresis for multiple myeloma

Answer 42

hypergammaglobinaemia

Question 43

bone marrow in multiple myeloma

Answer 43

10% cutoff for excess plasma cells

Question 44

causes of normocytic anaemia

Answer 44

AFH AFH | AoCD/aplastic, Failure of BM, Haemolytic, Acute blood loss, renal F, Hypothyroidism

Question 45

inherited aplastic anaemia

Answer 45

falconis

Question 46

viral cause of aplastic anaemia

Answer 46

parvovirus 19

Question 47

point mutation in sickle cell disease

Answer 47

codon 6 of B globin gene | glut (polar + sol) -> val (np and ns)

Question 48

management for SCD

Answer 48

inc risk of inf (due to autosplenectomy) - pencillin + vaccinations folic acid hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide - inc HbF RC transfusion advice surgical (BM transplant + joint replacement)

Question 49

where is B12 absorbed

Answer 49

terminal ileum, req IF

Question 50

where is IF produced

Answer 50

gastric parietal cells

Question 51

3 types of VWD

Answer 51

T1 - VWF def T2 - abn VWF T3 - no VWF

Question 52

what is the function of VWF

Answer 52

helps platelets bind to collagen and prev breakdown of F8

Question 53

what organisms cause malaria

Answer 53

protozoan plasmodium | bite by female anopheles mosq

Question 54

inv for malaria

Answer 54

blood film + giemsa stain

Question 55

blood film of SCD

Answer 55

sickle/boat/target cells + howell-jolly bodies

Question 56

management for acute painful crisis

Answer 56

O2, Iv fluids, analgesia, antibiotics, keep warm ,RC transfusion, exchange transfusion

Question 57

x-ray in SCD

Answer 57

hip xray -> avascular necrosis

Question 58

pain from avascular necrosis

Answer 58

chronic shoulder/hip pain

Question 59

main cause of relative polycythaemia

Answer 59

dehydration - burns + diruetics