Abdomen 1 Flashcards
(57 cards)
What is the abdominal cavity bounded by?
It is bounded by
abdominal walls,
diaphragm, &
pelvis
What is the abdominal cavity enclosed by?
It is enclosed by
1) anterolaterally- muscular abdominal walls
2) superiorly- diaphragm
3) within the thoracic cage to level of 4th intercostal space continuous
4) inferiorly to pelvic cavity
What is the abdominal cavity lined by?
lined with peritoneum
What are the 9 regions to locate organs or pain sites?
right & left hypochondriac right & left lateral (lumbar) right & left inguinal epigastric umbilical pubic (hypogastric) 4
What are the 4 planes of the abdominal region?
2 horizontal: ( 1 subcostal & 1 transtubercular)
2 vertical: ( 2 midclavicular)
What are the clinical regions of the abdominal region?
right & left upper quadrants
right & left lower quadrants
What are the 2 planes that are found in the clinical region?
1 vertical (median) 1 horizontal (transumbilical)
What is the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall divided into?
anterior
right & left lateral (flanks)
posterior walls
Is the boundary between the anterior & lateral of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall definite?
No the boundary between anterior & lateral is indefinite
What is the the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall bounded by superiorly and inferiorly?
It is bounded by:
superiorly- 7-10th ribs & xiphoid
inferiorly- inguinal ligaments & pelvis
What are the three layers of fascia of anterolateral wall and what do they cover?
Three layers: superficial, intermediate and deep
These layers cover external aspects of the 3 muscles
How many muscles does the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall have?
5 paired muscles: 3 flat & 2 vertical
Name the muscles of the Anterolateral Abdominal Wall?
Internal oblique External oblique Transverse abdominal (deep) Rectus Abdominis Pyramidalis Muscle
What are the characteristics of the External oblique muscle?
1) It is superficial
2) fibers run inferomedially
3) inferior margin thickens because it forms the inguinal ligament
What are the characteristics of the Internal oblique muscle?
1) It is an intermediate muscle
2) some fibers are parallel & some perpendicular to ext. oblique
What are the characteristics of the Transverse abdominal muscle?
1) It is the innermost muscle
2) fibers run mostly horizontally
What are the characteristics of the rectus abdominis muscle?
1) It is a long, broad strap-like muscle enclosed in rectus sheath
2) the muscle fibers run in 3 groups between tendinous intersections (level of xiphoid, umbilicus, & point halfway between)
What are the characteristics of the Pyramidalis muscle?
1) it is a small, triangular shaped muscle in rectus sheath anterior to inferior part of rectus abdominis
2) It ends in linea alba which it tenses
3) it is absent in 20% of people
What is the rectus sheath between midclavicular lines & midline made up of and what is it called?
It is made up of aponeurosis
Forms: linea alba
Why is the linea alba of clinical significance?
You can make an incision here b/c the muscles aren’t in the way and it’s avascular
What are the functions of Anterolateral Abdominal muscles?
- Form strong expandable support for anterolateral wall
- Protect abdominal viscera
- Compress abdominal viscera to maintain intra-abdominal pressure (elevates diaphragm during respiration, eructation (belching), yelling etc)
- Produce force for defecation, micturition, parturition
- Produce anterior/lateral flexion of trunk
What is parturition?
When pregnant woman are in LABOR
What to consider when abdominal surgical incisions made?
They are made depending on:
1) type of operation
2) location of organs
3) avoidance of nerves/vessels
What is the Internal Surface of Anterolateral Abd. Wall covered with?
It is covered with:
1) transversalis fascia
2) extraperitoneal fat
3) parietal peritoneum
