Back

Question 1

Name the functions of the vertebral column

Answer 1

Protection of spinal cord & nerves
Support of body weight
Partly rigid/flexible axis for body
Pivot for head

Question 2

How many vertebrae are there all together. How many sections and how many in each section

Answer 2

33 total
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

Question 3

How many vertebral curvatures are there? name them

Answer 3

4
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral

Question 4

Which of the vertebral curvatures are kyphoses? Are they concave anteriorly or posteriorly?

Answer 4

Thoracic and sacral

concave anteriorly

Question 5

Which of the vertebral curvatures are lordoses? Are they concave anteriorly or posteriorly?

Answer 5

cervical and lumbar

concave posteriorly

Question 6

Name the three general parts of a verterbra

Answer 6

body
vertebral arch
processes

Question 7

How many processes are there in a vertebra

Answer 7

7

Question 8

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are convex posteriorly

Answer 8

Thorax and sacral

Question 9

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are concave posteriorly

Answer 9

cervical and lumbar

Question 10

Name the sections of the vertebra categorized as kyphoses

Answer 10

thoracic and sacral

Question 11

Name the sections of the vertebra categorized as lordoses

Answer 11

cervical and lumbar

Question 12

Thoracic and sacral vertebra are classified as kyphosis or lordosis?

Answer 12

Kyphosis

Question 13

Cervical and lumbar vertebra are classified as kyphosis or lordosis?

Answer 13

lordosis

Question 14

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are convex anteriorly?

Answer 14

cervical and lumbar

Question 15

Name the two sections of the vertebra that are concave anteriorly?

Answer 15

thoracic and sacral

Question 16

Name the vertebral processes

Answer 16

2 cranial articular
2 transverse
2 caudal articular
1 spinous

Question 17

How can you palpate the coccyx?

Answer 17

via Anus

Question 18

What is vertebrae prominens?

Answer 18

C7-most proximal visible vertebrae

Question 19

What landmark, other than counting off the vertebrae, would you use to locate L4?

Answer 19

Iliac crest, lies at level of L4

Question 20

Name the two parts of the intervertebral disc

Answer 20

nucleus pulposis

anulus fibrosis

Question 21

What two ligaments stabilize the joints of vertebral bodies?

Answer 21

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

Question 22

What ligament connects the spinous processes

Answer 22

Interspinous ligament

Question 23

What ligament covers the laminae of adjacent vertebral arches and prevents the separation of laminae

Answer 23

Ligamentum flavum

Question 24

Whats the role of the Supraspinous ligament

Answer 24

Connects the apices of the spinous processes

Question 25

What doest the Supraspinous ligament merge with in the neck?

Answer 25

Nuchal ligament

Question 26

Location of Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 26

Lateral masses of C1 and occipital condyles

Question 27

Name the atlantoaxial joints

Answer 27

2 right and left lateral joints | 1 medial antlantoaxial joint

Question 28

Via what structure do the spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?

Answer 28

Neural foramen

Question 29

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

Answer 29

Starts as continuation of medulla oblongata | Ends at L1-L2

Question 30

Give two locations of spinal cord enlargement

Answer 30

cervical C4-T1 | Lumbosacral L1-L3

Question 31

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 31

31

Question 32

Function of posterior and anterior roots

Answer 32

posterior (dorSal) Sensory | anterior (venTral) moTor

Question 33

Between which two layers is the CSF located. What is this space called?

Answer 33

Arachnoid and pia | Subarachnoid

Question 34

Which meninx in the most superficial?

Answer 34

Dura

Question 35

Which meninx is the most deep?

Answer 35

Pia

Question 36

Which meninx lies deep to dura?

Answer 36

Arachnoid

Question 37

Which of the vertebral arteries are paired, posterior or anterior?

Answer 37

Posterior

Question 38

Two main groups of back muscles

Answer 38

Extrinsic and Intrinsic

Question 39

What groups do the Extrinsic muscles divide into?

Answer 39

Superficial and intermediate

Question 40

Divide the Intrinsic back muscles into layers

Answer 40

Superficial Intermediate Deep

Question 41

Name the Superficial Extrinsic muscles

Answer 41

Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboids

Question 42

Name the Intermediate Extrinsic muscles

Answer 42

Serratus posterior, superior, and inferior

Question 43

Muscles of the superficial layer of intrinsic muscle group

Answer 43

Splenius muscles (capitis and cervicis)

Question 44

Muscles of the intermediate layer of intrinsic muscles group

Answer 44

Errector spinae

Question 45

Muscles of the deep layer of intrinsic muscle group

Answer 45

Transversospinal muscles (semispinalis muscles)

Question 46

Types of medical imaging used for the Back

Answer 46

Radiograph Myelography CT MRI

Question 47

Which diagnostic test is excellent for high contrast bone images

Answer 47

Radiograph

Question 48

Which diagnostic test involves injection of contrast material into subarachnoid space

Answer 48

Myelography

Question 49

This test differentiates between white and grey matter

Answer 49

CT

Question 50

This test for the Back doesn't involve radiation

Answer 50

MRI

Question 51

Extremely good images of the vertebral column, spinal cord, CSF can be seen with this test

Answer 51

MRI

Question 52

Which test would be best to choose for a patient that you suspect has a herniated disc?

Answer 52

MRI