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Abdomen Flashcards

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1
Q

At the level of ASIS , The posterior wall of rectus sheath is formed by?

A

Transversalis Fascia

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2
Q

Internal oblique becomes

A

Cremasteric Muscle

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3
Q

External oblique becomes

A

External Spermatic Fascia

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4
Q

Transversalis fascia becomes

A

Internal Spermatic Fascia

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5
Q

Superior and Lateral border of Hesselbach triangle is the _________?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

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6
Q

Identify what type of hernia.
Patent processus vaginalis , lateral to inferior epigastric vessels ; enters the scrotum.

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

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7
Q

Abdominal policemen

A

Omentum

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8
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the stomach

A

Celiac Nodes

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9
Q

Brings Oxygenated blood to the liver?

A

Hepatic Artery

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10
Q

Jejunum vs Ileum

A

Jejunum - few arterial arcades, longer vasa recta

Ileum- more arterial arcades, shorter vasa recta

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11
Q

Hepatodoudenal ligament conducts portal triad? (3)

A

Portal vein posterior
Common bile duct anterior to the right
Hepatic artery anterior to the left

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12
Q

Arise from T12 , supply foregut and body of spleen?

A

Celiac artery

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13
Q

Arise from L1 , supply midgut

A

SMA

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14
Q

Arise from L3 , supply hindgut

A

IMA

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15
Q

Length of esophagus ?

A

10 inches / 25 cm long

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16
Q

Supplies fundus of stomach ?

A

Short gastric artery from splenic artery

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17
Q

More fat , many prominent arcades, short vasa recta, and small and widely separated plicae?

A

Ileum

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18
Q

Larger , more numerous, closely set in the jejunum than ileum?

A

Valves of Kercking / Plicae circulares

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19
Q

Present in ileum but absent in jejunum?

A

Peyer’s patches

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20
Q

Anatomical basis of hematemesis, spider nevi and caput medusae? (3)

A
  1. Blood from portal venous system is shunted to the periumbilical veins manifesting as dilated paraumbilical collateral veins pattern similar to the head of Medusa.
  2. As the pressure in the portal vein rises , blood flow in the portocaval anastomoses reverses causing portal blood to enter the systemic circulation.
  3. Blood flow forms anastomoses at the inferior end of the esophagus to produce esophageal varices.
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21
Q

Cause of ascites? (3)

A
  1. Increased pressure in the portal vein results in the increase in the pressure in the splenic and superior and inferior mesenteric veins.
  2. Fluid is forced out of the capillary beds into the peritoneal cavity.
  3. Portal hypertension causes protein containing liquid to leak from the surface of the liver to accumulate in the peritoneal cavity.
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22
Q

Methods to reduce portal blood pressure? (2)

A
  1. Creating anastomosis from portal vein to inferior vena cava (portocaval anastomosis)
  2. Creating anastomosis from the splenic vein to the left renal vein (splenorenal anastomosis)
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23
Q

Vascular lesions consisting of central arteriole surrounded by many smaller vessels occurring due to increase in estradiol.

A

Spider angiomata

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24
Q

Present in the small intestine but absent in large intestine? (4)

A

Plicae circulares
Peyer’s patches
Villi
Paneth cells

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25
Structure Obstructed by tumors at the head of the pancreas?
Common bile duct
26
Obstructed jaundice cause what type of cancer?
Cancer in the head of pancreas
27
Cells that Secretes Somatostatin?
Delta cells
28
Functional parts of the left lobe of liver? (2)
Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe
29
Anatomical changes in the hepatic parenchymal cells in liver cirrhosis? (3)
1. Progressive destruction of parenchymal cells. 2. Cells are replaced by fibrous tissues that contract and harden. 3. Fibrous tissues surround the intrahepatic blood vessels and the biliary radicles causing increase pressure in the portal veins.
30
Borders of Foramen of Winslow / Epiploic Foramen?
Anterior: Hepatodoudenal ligament, Portal vein, Hepatic artery, Bile duct Posterior: IVC Superior: Caudate lobe liver Inferior: Superior part of Doudenum
31
Lymph drainage of liver?
Celiac nodes
32
Anterior segments of liver? (2)
Segments V and VIII
33
Zone most susceptible of injury ?
Zone 3 ( Perivenous, Pericentral, Centrilobular Zone)
34
Cells that are more numerous in the large intestine than small intestine?
Goblet cells
35
The free margin of the lesser omentum contains what structure?
Portal triad
36
Forms most of the head of the pancreas including the unicate process?
Ventral Pancreatic Bud
37
Forms the remainder of the head of the pancreas, body and tail?
Dorsal pancreatic bud
38
Gallbladder capacity?
30-50ml
39
Blood supply of the proximal segment of the doudenum?
Superior pancreaticodoudenal artery
40
Opening of ampulla of vater to doudenum?
Major Doudenal Papilla
41
Blood supply of the proximal segment of the duodenum?
Superior pancreaticodoudenal artery
42
Cystic artery os a branch of?
Right hepatic artery
43
Triangle of Calot boundaries?
Liver - Superior Cystic Duct - Inferior Common hepatic Duct - Medial Inside the triangle is the Right Hepatic Artery
44
Valve of Houston?
Rectum
45
Appendicular artery arises from?
Ileocolic artery
46
How to locate the appendix?
Trace the taenia coli on the cecum
47
Hemorrhoids that prolapse through the anus but reduce spontaneously?
Grade II
48
Lymph drainage of posterior abdominal wall, kidney, adrenals and gonads. (4)
R/ L Lateral Aortic Para-aortic Lumbar lymph nodes
49
Muscle of the loin?
Psoas major
50
Largest branch of Lumbar Plexus , supplies muscles on anterior thigh and skin on antero-medial aspect.
Femoral nerve
51
Areolar tissue outside perirenal fat, encloses kidney and suprarenal glands.
Gerota’s fascia
52
Cells that Secretes renin?
Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells
53
Renal artery is a branch of ?
Aorta
54
Right & Left Renal vein difference ?
**Left** Renal **Vein** is **Longer** LVL
55
Right & Left Renal artery difference ?
**Right** Renal **Artery** is **Longer** RAL
56
Characteristics of Adrenal Gland? (3)
1. Right is pyramid-shaped 2. Left is crescent ( semilunar) 3. Yellowish in color
57
Ureter anatomic relations ?
Posterior to Gonadal Vessels Anterior to Internal and Common Iliac Vessels
58
Structures that could be eroded as the result of perforation of an ulcer in the posterior wall of the stomach? (7)
1. Stomach bed 2. Pancreas 3. Spleen 4. Left kidney 5. Left suprarenal gland 6. Transverse colon, mesocolon 7. Diaphragm
59
A tributary of the right gastric vein that passes anterior to the pylorus at its junction with the doudenum?
Prepyloric Vein of Mayo
60
Blood supply of the stomach?
Lesser curvature : Right & Left Gastric Artery Greater Curvature: Right & Left Gastro-omental ( Gastroepiploic) artery Fundus- Short Gastric Artery
61
Pediatric with severe intermittent abdominal pain and currant jelly stools?
Intussusception
62
Functional Segment of Caudate Lobe?
Segment I
63
Ligament that contains tail of pancreas and splenic vessels?
Leinorenal / Splenorenal Ligament
64
The Celiac artery supplies foregut **endoderm** derivatives except what organ?
Spleen ( Mesoderm Derivative)
65
Retroperitoneal organs (8)
SAD PUCKER **S**uprarenal / Adrenal Glands **A**orta and IVC **D**uodenum (2nd- 4th part) **P**ancreas ( except tail) **U**eters **C**olon **K**idneys **E**sophagus ( thoracic portion) **R**ectum ( partially)
66
Length of descending colon?
10 inches “ DUDES with 10 inches” Doudenum Ureter Descending colon Esophagus Sigmoid colon
67
Structure that shunts a portion of umbilical vein blood flow directly to the IVC, allow oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver.
Ductus venosus
68
Blood supply of the cecum? (4)
Anterior / Posterior Cecal Artery Ileocolic artery SMA
69
Rectosigmoid junction level?
S3 vertebra

Anatomy (10 decks)

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