Upper Extremities Flashcards by Hanna Mercado

Subluxation of the radial head out of the annular ligament in the proximal radio-ulnar joint. Clinically presents with children who are unable to supinate after injury.

Nursemaid’s Elbow / Pulled up Elbow

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Caused by chronic inflammation or irritation of the origin of the extensor muscles of the forearm from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus as a result of repetitive strain. Common in tennis players / violinists.

Tennis Elbow / Lateral Epicondylitis

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Caused by a tear or chronic inflammation in the origin of the flexor muscles of the forearm from the medial epicondyle. Treatment is IV glucocorticoids i the affected area or avoidance of repetitive bending / flexion of the forearm in order to not compress the ulnar nerve.

Golfer’s Elbow / Medial epicondylitis

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Cyclists falling in their shoulder. Where’s the fracture?

Greater tuberosity of Humerus

Attachments
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor

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Common scenario: Accompanies posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint. Where’s the fracture?

Lesser tuberosity of Humerus

Attachment of Subscapularis tendon

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What are the structures affected in the Injury of the surgical neck of the humerus?

Injury to Axillary nerve and Posterior Humeral Circumflex artery as they pass to the quadrangular space.

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Structures affected in the injury of the shaft of the humerus?

Injury to the Radial nerve and the Deep Brachial Artery in the spiral groove.

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Common scenario: Child undergoes FOOSH with partially flexed elbow. What type of fracture and structures affected?

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus.
Injury to the Median Nerve.

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Structure/s affected in the fracture of the Medial Epicondyle of the humerus?

Injury to Ulnar Nerve.

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Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Axilla/ Lateral Thorax

Nerve: Long Thoracic
Artery: Lateral Thoracic

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Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Surgical Neck of Humerus

Nerve: Axillary
Artery: Posterior Circumflex

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Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Mid-shaft of Humerus

Nerve: Radial
Artery: Deep Brachial

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Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Distal Humerus Cubital Fossa

Nerve: Median
Artery: Brachial

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Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Distal Humerus - Popliteal Fossa

Nerve: Tibial
Artery : Popliteal

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Neurovascular Pairing: Name the corresponding Arteries & Nerves
Location: Posterior to Medial Malleolus

Nerve: Tibial
Artery: Posterior Tibial

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Nerve affected in Humeral Surgical Neck Fracture?

ARM-U
NAMe SOME

Axillary Nerve (C5-C6)
Neck Fracture

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Nerve affected in Axilla & Midshaft Fracture?

ARM-U
NAMe SOME

Nerve: Radial Nerve

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Nerve affected in Supracondylar Fracture?

ARM-U
NAMe SOME

NERVE: Median Nerve ( C5-T1)

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Nerve affected in Medial Epicondyle Fracture?

ARM-U
NAMe SOME*

Nerve: Ulnar Nerve
Fracture: Outstretched Fall - Medial Epicondyle

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Dysfunction of nerves :
A in ARM-U?

Axillary Nerve: failure to Abduct (C5-C6)

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Dysfunction of nerves :
R in ARM-U?

Radial (C5-T1) - Rist Drop (Wrist)

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Dysfunction of nerves :
M in ARM-U?

Median Nerve (C5-T1)
Monkey hand / Ape Hand

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Dysfunction of nerves :
U in ARM-U?

Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1)
Ulnar claw

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Flat bones (3)

Skull
Ribs
Sternum

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Where is an ellipsoidal joint located?

Wrist

Saddle joint is located at?

Carpometacarpal of the thumb

Attachment of pectoralis major?

Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, Upper six costal cartilages Insertion: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus Nerve supply: Medial and lateral pectoralis nerves Action: Adduction, Internal rotation of arm, flexion of arm ( clavicular fibers)

Rotator cuff muscles ? (4)

SITS Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres **Minor** Subscapularis

Shoulder dislocation, what joint is affected?

Acromioclavicular joint

Shoulder girdle components? (3)

Scapula Clavicle Manubrium of Sternum

Content of Quadrangular Space?

Axillary Nerve and Posterior Circumflex Humeral Vessels

Innervation of anterior compartment of arm?

Musculocutaneous nerve

Main supinator of arm?

Biceps brachii

Main flexor of the arm?

Brachialis

Common origin of flexor tendon?

Medial epicondyle of Humerus

Muscles commonly affected in tennis elbow or lateral epicondylitis?

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Muscles commonly affected in golfers elbow or medial epicondylitis?

Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis

Description about Elbow joint ?

1. Hinge joint 2. Articulations: - trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus - head of the radius and the capitulum of humerus

Normal carrying angle of the elbow?

Male: 170 degrees Female: 167 degrees Elbow joint is extended and lies between the arm and forearm Angle disappears when the elbow joint is flexed

Movement of radioproximal joint?

1. Rotary movements of the forearm 2. When the arm is in the resting position beside the body, the range of motion for **pronation is 61-66 degrees**, while **supination it is 70-77 degrees.**

What fracture affects the lateral epicondylitis?

Tennis elbow

Hypothenar muscles innervation?

Ulnar nerve

Abduct fingers?

Dorsal interossei

Innervates deltoid and teres minor?

Axillary nerve

Contents of the anatomic snuff box?

Apex: point towards the thumb Base: distal to the end of radius Floor: Scaphoid, Trapezium Lateral: Abductor pollicic longus, extensor pollicis brevis Medial: extensor pollicic longus

De quervain tenosynovitis affects? (2)

Absuctor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis APpLe EPol Bre red

Lesion of C5 - C6 upper brachial plexus injury. With proximal musculature affected, arm medially rotated and forearm pronated. MOI: fall on shoulder, difficult delivery of infant

Erb- Duchenne Syndrome

A benign proliferative disorder characterized by decreased hand function caused by hand contractures and painful fascial nodules?

Dupuyteren’s Disease / Contracture

Fracture of surgical neck of humerus?

Axillary nerve

Lesion of C5 and C6 Waiters Tip?

Erb Duchenne Syndrome

Describe Erb-Duchenne Syndrome. (3)

1. C5-C6 lesion, Upper brachial plexus injury 2. Proximal musculature affected: arm medially rotated and forearm pronated 3. MOI: Fall on shoulder , difficult delivery of infant

A benign proliferative disorder characterized by deceeased hand function caused by hand contractures and painful fascial nodules.

Dupuytren’s Disease / Contracture

Supracondylar fracture of humerus?

Median nerve

Fractures of proximal humerus and humeral shaft?

Radial Nerve

Medial epicondyle fracture of humerus?

Claw hand - Ulnar nerve injury

Spiral fracture of midshaft of humerus?

Wrist drop - Radial Nerve Injury

Structure in spiral groove of humerus?

Radial nerve

Claw hand?

Ulnar nerve

Waiter’s tip / Erb Duchenne Palsy.

Upper trunk of brachial plexus

Hand of benediction

Median nerve

Ape hand deformity

Median nerve

Wrist drop .

Radial nerve

Cubital tunnel syndrome

Ulnar nerve

Radial tunnel syndrome

Deep branch of Radial Nerve

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Median nerve

Tunnel of Guyon

Ulnar nerve

First bone to begin ossification and last one to complete ossification?

Clavicle

Fracture of the Fibular Head?

Common peroneal nerve

Fracture of the distal radius with the fragment displaced volarly?

Smith DR Smith - Distal Radius

Fracture of the radial styloid

Hutchinson/ Chauffeur

Fracture of the ulna and dislocation of the radial head?

Monteggia

Fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of distal radioulnar joint.

Galeazzi

Fracture of the radial shaft at the junction of the middle and distal thirds without an associated fracture of the ulna.

Piedmont

Fall on outstretched hand, distal radial fracture , fragment dorsally placed.

Colle / Dinner/ Silver fork deformity

Rucksack palsy

Long thoracic nerve

Scapular winging

Long thoracic nerve

Saturday night palsy

Radial nerve

Olecranon fossa receives the olecranon process of the ulna during ________.

Extension of the arm

Dermatome levels: C6

Thumb

Dermatome levels: C8

Small finger

Dermatome levels: T4

Nipple

Dermatome levels: T10

Umbilicus

Dermatome levels: L4

Knee

Exaggeration in sagittal curve in thoracic.

Kyphosis

Vertebral level of iliac crest and bifurcation of aorta

Characteristic feature of 2nd cervical vertebra

Odontoid process

Spinal cord at birth ends in what level

Promotes flexor and inhibits extensor activity

Rubrospinal

Bilateral motor paralysis, loss of pain and temperature.

Anterior cord

Boundaries of triangle of auscultation. (3)

Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Medial border of scapula

Most dislocated carpal bone.

Lunate dislocation

Localized thickening and contracture of palmar aponeurosis.

Dupuyteren conracture

Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels, most commonly within the scalene triangle.

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Shallow depression formed with articulation between humerus and scapula.

Glenoid cavity

Type of joint: Elbow joint

Synovial Hinge joint

Strongest flexor of thigh

Iliopsoas

Origin of rectus femoris

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Origin of Sartorius and Tensor fascia lata

ASIS

Innervation of posterior compartment of the thigh.

Sciatic nerve

Adductor canal

Saphenous nerve

Anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome

Deep peroneal nerve

Posterior tarsal tunnel syndrome.

Tibial nerve

Muscle of the thigh with dual innervation.

Adductor Magnus

Femoral sheath is formed by?

Fascia transversalis and Fascia Iliaca

Most lateral structure within femoral **sheath**

Femoral artery

Most lateral structure within femoral **triangle**

Femoral nerve

Waddling gait

Superior gluteal nerve

Trendelenburg sign

Superior gluteal nerve

Piriformis syndrome

Sciatic nerve

Intragluteal injections

Sciatic nerve

Foot drop

Deep peroneal nerve

Steppage gait

Deep peroneal nerve

Extensor of the thigh supplied by inferior gluteal nerve.

Gluteus maximus

Largest branch of lumbar plexus.

L2,L3, L4 - Femoral nerve

Waddling gait, weakness of Gluteus medius and minimus

Superior gluteal nerve injury

Intramuscular injection

Superolateral part of buttock

Eversion and plantarflexion of foot

Peroneus longus and brevis

Medial boundary of popliteal fossa.

Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus

Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot

Peroneus longus and brevis

Medial boundary of popliteal fossa.

Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus

Neck of hernial sac lies below and lateral to the pubic tubercle and medial to femoral artery and vein.

Femoral hernia

Neck of femoral hernia sac lies at the femoral ring and related anteriorly to the _______ ligament. Posteriorly to the __________ ligament and medially to the _______ ligament.

Anteriorly: Inguinal ligament Posteriorly: Pectineal ligament Medially: Lacunar ligament

Tendon reflexes: Biceps brachii

Tendon reflex : Brachioradialis

Tendon reflex : Triceps brachii

Tendon reflex : Patellar tendon

Tendon reflex : Achilles Tendon

Foot drop

Common Peroneal Nerve Injury

Posterior displacement of femur on tibia; LAX during flexion

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Ligament of the knee located in the center that controls the rotation and forward movement of the tibia.

Anterior cruciate ligament

Ligament of the knee located in the center that controls the rotation and forward movement of the tibia.

Anterior cruciate ligament

Unhappy triad of injuries ( O’ Donoghue )

ACL, MCL, Medial Meniscus

Tibia bent medially, rupture of lateral / fibular collateral ligament.

Genu varum ( Bow Leg)

Part of the knee injured by a medially directed force from the lateral side ( valgus stress)

Medial collateral ligament

Part of the knee injured by a leterally directed force or force from the medial side ( varus stress)

Lateral Collateral ligament

Anterior displacement of tibia over the femur.

ACL injury

Extrinsic muscles of the back that do not contribute to the limb movements.

Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior

Largest branch of the sacral plexus?

Sciatic nerve

Largest branch of the brachial plexus?

Radial nerve

Largest branch of the lumbar plexus?

Femoral nerve

Largest branch of the lumbo-sacral plexus?

Sciatic nerve

Largest bone of the foot?

Calcaneum

Largest bone carpal bone?

Capitate

Largest carpal bone in the proximal row?

Scaphoid

Largest carpal bone in the distal row?

Capitate

Bones contributing to the arches of the foot? Medial arch (9)

1. Calcaneus 2. Talus 3. Navicular 4. Three Cuniforms 5. First three metatarsals Met Three Cute Ca Ta Na

Bones contributing to the arches of the foot? Lateral arch (4)

1. Calcaneus 2. Cuboid 3. 4th Metatarsal 4. 5th Metatarsal Met 4-5 Caloric (Chubby) Cub Calcaneus is present in both medial & lateral arch

Bones contributing to the arches of the foot? Transverse arch (5)

1. Metatarsal bases 2. Cuboid 3. Three cuneiform bones Met 3 Cute Cubs

Function of the meniscus?

Even out weight distribution of the body weight from the femur to the tibia ( inner 2/3 is avascular)

Skeletal components involved in the unhappy triad include (3)

Patella Femur Tibia Unhappy **Thin** Skeleton of **Phineas and Ferb** Ligaments AMM : ACL , MCL, Medial Meniscus

Muscle strengthened to help alleviate pain in unhappy triad injury.

Hamstrings

Upper Extremities Flashcards

(151 cards)