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Histology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

A

Cell

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2
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the heart and blood vessels ?

A

Simple squamous

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3
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the serous surfaces ( pericardium, peritoneum, pleura) ?

A

Simple squamous

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4
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the colon?

A

Simple columnar

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5
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the covering of ovaries?

A

Simple cuboidal

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6
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the thyroid gland follicles?

A

Simple cuboidal

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7
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the collecting tubules of the kidney?

A

Simple cuboidal

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8
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar

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9
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the fallopian tubes?

A

Simple columnar

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10
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?

A

Simple columnar

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11
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the vas deferens ?

A

Simple columnar

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12
Q

What are the organs with simple squamous epithelium?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood vessels
  3. Pericardium
  4. Peritoneum
  5. Pleura
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13
Q

What are the organs with simple cuboidal epithelium ?

A
  1. Covering of Ovaries
  2. Thyroid gland follicles
  3. Collecting tubules Of the Kidney
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14
Q

What are the organs with simple columnar epithelium?

A
  1. Colon
  2. Small intestine
  3. Fallopian Tubes
  4. Respiratory Tract
  5. Vas deferens
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15
Q

What are the cells that forms the myelin?

A
  1. Schwann cells
  2. Oligodendrocytes
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16
Q

Surface Ectoderm Examples (10)

A
  1. Sensory organs of the ear
  2. Adenohypophysis
  3. Lens of the eye
  4. Epidermis
  5. Epithelium of the oral cavity
  6. Epithelium of the anal canal below the pectinate line
  7. Parotid Glands
  8. Sweat Glands
  9. Mammary Glands
  10. Olfactory Epithelium
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17
Q

Neural tube from Ectoderm Examples

A
  1. Brain
    - Neurohypophysis
    - CNS neurons
    -All CNS Glial Cells except microglia & pineal gland
  2. Spinal cord
  3. Retina
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18
Q

Neural crest cells from ectoderm examples (10)

A
  1. Enterochromaffin cells
  2. Leptomeninges (arachnoid & pia mater)
  3. Melanocytes
  4. Odontoblasts
  5. PNS ganglia
  6. Adrenal Medulla
  7. Schwann Cells
  8. Spinal membrane / Aorticpulmonary Septum
  9. Endocardial cushions
  10. Skull bones
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19
Q

Mesoderm examples (17)

A
  1. Dermis
  2. Muscle
  3. Bone
  4. Connective tissue
  5. Tracheal cartilage
  6. Cardiovascular structures
  7. Lymphatics & Blood
  8. Serous lining of cavities
  9. Kidneys
  10. Adrenal cortex
  11. Spleen
  12. Wall of gut tube
  13. Upper 2/3 of vagina
  14. Testes & Ovaries
  15. Microglia
  16. Dura mater

(Microglia lumabas sa board exam)

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20
Q

Endoderm examples (13)

A
  1. Gut tube epithelium including anal canal above pectinate line
  2. Most or urethra
  3. Lower 1/3 of vagina

Luminal epithelium derivatives:
4. Lung
5. Liver
6. Gallbladder
7. Pancreas
8. Eustachian tube
9. Thymus
10. Parathyroid
11. Thyroid
12. Follicular cells
13. Parafollicular cells

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21
Q

The most common connective tissue cell that has a euchromatic nucleus and it produces ground substance and extracellular fibers.

A

Fibroblasts

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22
Q

Produces hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factors.

A

Parietal (Oxyntic) Cell

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23
Q

Connective tissue which envelopes muscles.

A

Epimysium

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24
Q

Cell that forms myelin in the CNS.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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25
Most abundant type of cartilage; serves as temporary skeleton for fetus.
Hyaline cartilage
26
Cells that secrete osteoclast stimulating factor in the presence of PTH.
Osteoblasts
27
Types of Collagen fibers (6)
Type I: bONE Type II: carTWOlage and vitreous Type III: reTHREEculin fibers Type IV: On the floor - Basement membrane Type V: buntis five : Fetal Tissue & Placenta Type VII: Connects the Basement membrane to Reticular Lamina No type VI
28
Striated border that is formed by surface of osteoclast that abuts on bone.
Ruffled border
29
Deepest single layer of tall cuboidal keratinocytes resting on a basement membrane which consists of a well-developed basal lamina that is supported by its deep surface by a lamina fibroreticularis.
Stratum Germinativum (Stratum Basale)
30
Layer of the skin which is seen only in thick skin?
Stratum Lucidum
31
Layer of the skin where Langerhans cells are most numerous.
Stratum Spinosum
32
Thinnest layer of hair which consists of dead, flattened heavily keratinized cells.
Cuticle
33
Skin layer affected in bullous pemphigoid.
Epidermal basement membrane
34
Normal RBC, WBC, and platelet values.
RBC: 4.5-6 million cells / uL (456) WBC: 4,000-10,000 / uL Platelets: 150-450,000 / uL
35
Hormones produced by the stomach mucosa.
1. Gastrin 2. Somatostatin 3. Histamine
36
Characteristics of platelets. (3)
1. Smallest blood component seen only under the microscope. 2. Formed by the fragmentation of megakaryocytes within the bone marrow. 3. Once activated it forms into spherical form
37
Characteristic of erythrocytes. (3)
1. Anucleate 2. Biconcave 3. 120 days lifespan
38
Variation in RBC shape.
Poikilocytosis
39
Clock face nucleus.
Plasma Cell ( Plasma Clock)
40
Kidney -shaped nucleus and frosted cytoplasm.
Monocyte ( Frozen Kidney Mo)
41
Most potent antigen presenting cell.
Dendritic cell ( potDEN antigen presenting cell)
42
Granulocytes (3)
1. Neutrophils 2. Eosinophils 3. Basophils (Grandpa BEN )
43
Agranulocytes (2)
1. Lymphocytes 2. Monocytes (AGrand LyMo)
44
Pale central area where lymphocytes are proliferating.
Germinal center
45
Epithelial lining of the upper esophagus.
Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
46
Organ of the GIT with no submucosal layer.
Gallbladder
47
Largest lymphoid organ in the body.
Spleen
48
Hyaline cartilage seen in these region of airway.
Bronchi
49
Surrounds AV orifices and origin of aorta and pulmonary artery.
Annuli Fibrosa
50
Small blood vessels within wall of large blood vessels.
Vasa Vasorum
51
Glands that are confined to submucosa of duodenum and its ducts open into bottoms of Crypts Liberkuhn.
Glands of Brunner
52
Large aggregates of lymphoid nodules in Ileum.
Peyer’s Patches
53
Branched acinar glands with purely serous acini.
Parotid gland
54
Branched tubuloacinar glands with both serous and mucus secreting acini.
Submandibular gland
55
Neurons found in the brain and retina ; non spiking interneurons.
Anaxionic neurons
56
Aggregations of secretions seen in Neurohypophysis.
Herring bodies
57
Separates anterior from posterior lobe and produces melanocyte stimulating hormone.
Pars Intermedia
58
Spermatogenesis occurs in _______________.
Seminiferous tubules of testes
59
Layer that regenerates after menstruation.
Basal layer
60
Blind spot of retina.
Optic disc
61
Atea with complete absence of rods & cones.
Optic disc
62
Cells responsible for forming tight occluding junctions in the blood testis barrier.
Sertoli cells
63
Part of the fallopian tube with numerous mucosal folding.
Ampulla
64
Epidermal appendages. (4)
1. Hair 2. Nail 3. Sweat glands 4. Sebaceous gland
65
Releases glucocorticoids (3)
1. Zona fasciculata 2. Zona glomerulosa 3. Zona reticularis : Androgens
66
Differentiate squamous cell & basal cell carcinoma.
1. Both are caused by sun damage. 2. Both arise from the epidermis. 3. BCCa- rare metastasis 4. SCCa- can metastasize
67
Secretes mineralocorticoids.
Zona glomerulosa
68
Adrenal medulla origin.
Neural crest cells

Anatomy (10 decks)

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