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NURS 210 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

what does the ABDOMEN contain?

A
  • all of our DIGESTIVE ORGANS;
  • stomach
  • SMALL & LARGE intestines
  • pancreas
  • liver, gb
  • kidneys
  • spleen
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2
Q

what are the IMPORTANT BLOOD VESSELS that travel through the ABDOMEN?

A
  • the AORTA & INFERIOR VENA CAVA
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3
Q

what are the FOUR QUADRANTS of the ABDOMEN?

A
  • RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ)
  • RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)
  • LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)
  • LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)
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4
Q

what are the NINE REGIONS typically used?

A
  • EPIGASTRIC (R/L HYPOCHONDRIAC REGIONS)
  • UMBILICAL (R/L LUMBAR REGIONS)
  • HYPOGASTRIC/SUPRAPUBIC (R/L ILIAC/INGUINAL REGIONS)
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5
Q

what ORGANS are in the RUQ?

A
  • ASCENDING & TRANSVERSE COLON
  • DUODENUM
  • GALLBLADDER
  • HEPATIC FLEXURE OF COLON
  • LIVER
  • PANCREATIC HEAD
  • PYLORUS
  • RIGHT ADRENAL GLAND
  • RIGHT KIDNEY
  • RIGHT URETER
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6
Q

what ORGANS are in the LUQ?

A
  • LEFT ADRENAL GLAND
  • LEFT KIDNEY
  • LEFT URETER
  • PANCREAS, SPLEEN, STOMACH
  • TRANSVERSE DESCENDING COLON
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7
Q

what ORGANS are in the RLQ?

A
  • APPENDIX
  • ASCENDING COLON, CECUM
  • RIGHT KIDNEY
  • RIGHT OVARY & TUBE
  • RIGHT URETER
  • RIGHT SPERMATIC CORD
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8
Q

what ORGANS are in the LLQ?

A
  • LEFT KIDNEY
  • LEFT OVARY & TUBE
  • LEFT URETER
  • LEFT SPERMATIC CORD
  • DESCENDING & SIGMOID COLON
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9
Q

what is the ABDOMINAL VASCULATURE and its STRUCTURES?

A
  • KIDNEYS
  • AORTA
  • INFERIOR VENA CAVA
  • ILIAC ARTERIES/VEINS
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10
Q

what are some SUBJECTIVE DATA assessments for the ABDOMEN?

A
  • appetite changes
  • weight changes
  • dysphagia
  • N & V
  • bowel habit changes
  • abdominal pain
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11
Q

what do we do if the patient has ABDOMINAL PAIN?

A
  • want to ask the patient the EXACT LOCATION OF THE PAIN
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12
Q

how can ABDOMINAL PAIN be classified as?

A
  • VISCERAL PAIN
  • PARIETAL PAIN
  • REFERRED PAIN
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13
Q

definition of VISCERAL PAIN

A
  • DULL + CRAMPY + SQUEEZING + ACHING PAIN
  • can be either CONSTANT or INTERMITTENT
  • often located over an ABDOMINAL ORGAN
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14
Q

definition of PARIETAL PAIN

A
  • often from INFLAMMATION OVER THE PERITONEUM
  • can be typically INTENSE, CONSTANT, and on ONE SIDE
  • often is AGGRAVATED by the LOWER EXTREMITY EXTENSION, COUGHING, eliciting REBOUND TENDERNESS
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15
Q

definition of REFERRED PAIN

A
  • typically is VISCERAL PAIN often felt in ANOTHER AREA of the body when a COMMON NERVE PATHWAY IS SHARED
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16
Q

definition of CONSTIPATION

A
  • is known as LESS THAN 3 BOWEL MOVEMENTS PER WEEK
  • often see STRAINING / HARD STOOL
  • often is CAUSED BY;
    diet, meds, fluid, obstruction, & narcotics
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17
Q

definition of DIARRHEA

A
  • is known as MORE THAN 3-4 STOOLS/DAY
  • often can be LIQUID
  • is caused by MEDS, INFECTIOUS AGENTS, DISEASE PROCESS, DIET
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18
Q

what to REMEMBER WHILE PREPARING the PATIENT?

A
  • want the PATIENT TO EMPTY their BLADDER
  • want the PATIENT IN A SUPINE POSITION
  • proper DRAPING of the patient
19
Q

what is the ORDER OF ABDOMINAL ASSESSMENT?

A
  • INSPECTION
  • AUSCULTATION
  • PERCUSSION
  • PALPATION

** want to AUSCULTATE FIRST before palpation

20
Q

what to do during INSPECTION during the abdominal physical exam?

A
  • specific SKIN CHARACTERISTICS
  • symmetry
  • any presence of MASSES, HERNIA, or SEPARATION OF MUSCLES
  • STRAIE or SCARS
  • symmetrical breathing
21
Q

what to do during AUSCULTATION during the abdominal physical exam?

A
  • want to use DIAPHRAGM to hear BOWEL SOUNDS; bruits over aortic, renal, iliac, femoral arteries
  • starting at the RLQ and GO CLOCKWISE
22
Q

why do we use PERCUSSION during the abdominal assessment?

A
  • want to hear TONE in all four quadrants
  • can help to estimate SPAN OF THE LIVER
  • can help to differentiate between FLUID vs. AIR
23
Q

what to do during PALPATION of the abdomen?

A
  • can do different ranges of palpation; LIGHT, MODERATE, & DEEPLY PALPATE
  • important to feel for BULGES & MASSES/feel various MARGINS of the abdominal organs
  • always PALPATING AREA OF PAIN LAST
24
Q

what is NORMAL to hear during AUSCULTATION? how long do we hear BOWEL SOUNDS?

A
  • documentation; NORMAL, HYPERACTIVE, HYPOACTIVE, or ABSENT
  • sounds; around every 5 - 15 seconds
25
definition of LOUD PROLONGED GURGLES
known as BORBORYGMI - stomach growling
26
definition of INCREASED BOWEL SOUNDS
can be an INDICATION of; - GASTROENTERITIS - INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION - HUNGER
27
definition of HIGH-PITCHED TINKLING
can be an INDICATION of; - INTESTINAL FLUID - AIR UNDER PRESSURE (OBSTRUCTION)
28
definition of DECREASED BOWEL SOUNDS
can be an INDICATION of; - PERITONITIS - PARALYTIC ILEUS
29
definition of ABSENT BOWEL SOUNDS
can be an INDICATION of; - ABDOMINAL PAIN/RIGIDITY - SURGICAL EMERGENCY
30
bruit
listened with the BELL of the stethoscope - HARSH/MUSICAL INTERMITTENT SOUND
31
what is the AVERAGE LIVER SPAN?
6 - 12 cm (2.5 - 4.5 inches)
32
other tips to REMEMBER during PERCUSSION
- tympany; AIR - dullness; ORGANS or MASSES ** DO NOT PERCUSS SPLEEN IF THERE IS A SPLEEN INURY - can RUPTURE
33
definition of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
backward flow of gastric contents--typically acidic into the esophagus
34
definition of IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
a type of FUNCTIONAL CHRONIC GI DISORDER with symptoms of pain & change in STOOLING PATTERN
35
definition of PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE
- the presence of HELICOBACTER PYLORI - often caused by either EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE or NSAIDS/SMOKING
36
definition of HEPATITIS
type of INFLAMMATORY PROCESS characterized by DIFFUSE or PATCHY HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS
37
definition of CHOLELITHIASIS
type of STONE FORMATION in the GALLBLADDER--often due to HIGH CONCENTRATION OF BILE and produce CRYSTALS
38
definition of CHOLECYSTITIS
type of INFLAMMATORY PROCESS of the GALLBLADDER - often due to OBSTRUCTION OF THE CYSTIC DUCT from CHOLELITHIASIS
39
what are the SIGNS & SYMPTOMS of CHOLECYSTITIS?
- have SEVERE PAIN in the RUQ - often can see N &V, LOSS OF APPETITE, FEVER - can also see TENDERNESS in the abdomen - want to look for any DISTENSION or STIFFNESS on the right side--often can see LOSS OF BREATHING with palpation on the right side
40
appendicitis
the INFLAMMATION of the appendix
41
signs and symptoms of APPENDICITIS
- have SEVERE PAIN in the RLQ - SWELLING + LOSS OF APPETITE - N & V - constipation or diarrhea - fever/inability to pass gas
42
aortic aneurysm
type of BALLOON-LIKE BULDGES found in the AORTA - often can palpate or see PULSATION or THROBBING on affected area around the stomach - SOB - pain in chest or abdomen area - swelling in the upper portion or extremities
43
definition of ASCITES
ABDOMINAL SWELLING due to the ACCUMULATION of FREE FLUID in the peritoneal cavity
44
ascites signs and symptoms
- distended abdomen - a PROTRUDING or displaced ABDOMEN - BULGING FLANKS - dyspnea - sudden weight gain - abdominal pain

NURS 210 (15 decks)

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