Mental Status Flashcards

1
Q

definition of MENTAL STATUS

A
  • ability of COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING;
  • ability of EMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING
  • ability of CEREBRAL FUNCTION
  • ability to cope with STRESS
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2
Q

describe MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION

A
  • observing PHYSICAL APPERANCE & BEHAVIOR
  • how do they RESPOND?
  • are they PAYING ATTENTION?
  • are they EMOTIONALLY STABLE?
  • how is their SPEECH/LANGUAGE?
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3
Q

cerebrum

A
  • primarily responsible for a person’s mental status
  • composed of TWO CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that have lobes
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4
Q

limbic system

A
  • important for mediation of survival patterns of behavior (aggression, mating, fear, & affection)
  • regulates emotions; anger, love, hostility, envy
  • memory consolidation
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5
Q

reticular system

A
  • regulates VITAL REFLEXES - heart & respiratory functioning
  • maintains wakefulness & awareness & arousal functions
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6
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • contains motor cortex / speech formation (BROCA AREA)
  • important for decision making, problem solving, concentration, & short-term memory
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7
Q

parietal lobe

A

responsible for receiving & processing sensory data

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8
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • responsible for perception & interpretation of SOUNDS - localizing their source
  • contains WERNICKE AREA - allows one to understand spoken & written language
  • long-term memory
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9
Q

describe MENTAL STATUS OF OLDER ADULTS

A
  • declining of executive functions
  • declining of psychomotor speed
  • still have stable verbal skills/knowledge
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10
Q

disorientation & confusion

A
  • can be either INTERMITTENT, FLUCTUATING, OR PERSISTENT
  • can have more associated health problems
    • impairments in hearing or vision
    • neurologic disorders
  • can be caused by MEDICATIONS, have mood swings, delusions etc…
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11
Q

depression

A
  • Feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration that
    interfere with everyday life for an extended period

can have TROUBLING THOUGHTS OR FEELINGS
- LOWER ENERGY LEVELS + FATIGUE
- can be associated with recent CHANGES IN LIFE
- THOUGHTS OR PLANS OF HURTING SELF OR OTHERS
- medications;
- antidepressants, antihypertensive agents, corticosteroids etc…

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12
Q

anxiety

A
  • have SUDDEN AND UNEXPLAINED EPISODES of INTENSE FEAR OT WORRY
  • feeling UNCOMFORTABLE OR AVOIDING SITUATIONS
  • having PANIC ATTACKS, or OBSESSIVE/COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS
  • medications;
    • antidepressants, steroids, benzodiazepines
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13
Q

what are some important PATIENT HISTORIES to consider for mental status?

A

FAMILY HISTORY;
history of mental illness, disorders, autism etc…

PERSONAL & SOCIAL HISTORY;
status of emotion, life goals, economic factors, alcohol/drugs etc…

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14
Q

can mental status also be assessed through PHYSICAL EXAMINATION?

A

yes!

  • important to look at;
    GROOMING
    are they appropriate?
    is their hygiene concerning?
    EMOTIONAL STATUS
    how is their mood?
    BODY LANGUAGE
    how is their posture, expression, or energy?
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15
Q

how is state of consciousness assessed?

A

looking for ALERTNESS & ORIENTED
- must be ORIENTED to PERSON, PLACE and TIME

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16
Q

meaning of A&O x3 / A&O x4

A

A&O x3
- aware of person, place, & time

A&O x4
- aware of person, place, time, & reasonpe

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17
Q

person disorientation

A

can be caused by;
- CEREBRAL TRAUMA
- SEIZURES
- AMNESIA

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18
Q

time disorientation

A

can be caused by;
- ANXIETY
- DELIRIUM
- DEPRESSION
- COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

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19
Q

place disorientation

A

can be caused by;
- PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
- DELIRIUM
- COGNITIVE IMPAIR MENT

20
Q

what are some signs of COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT?

A
  • high memory loss
  • confused
  • impaired comms.
  • inappropriate affect
  • agitation/sus
21
Q

what are the SCREENING TESTS to assess COGNITION?

A
  • MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION (MMSE)
  • MINI-COG
22
Q

describe the MMSE

A
  • often used for OLDER ADULTS
  • tests for time orientation, remembering 3 words, and naming common objects
  • following directions
23
Q

describe the MINI-COG

A
  • helps to assess impairment in OLDER ADULTS
  • type of three-item RECALL TEST for memory/clock drawing test
24
Q

what are our COGNITIVE ABILITIES (7)?

A
  • ABSTRACT REASONING
    proverb/metaphor
  • ARITHMETIC CALC
  • WRITING ABILITY
    name/address
  • MOTOR SKILLS
  • MEMORY
  • ATTENTION SPAN
  • JUDGEMENT
    hypothetical situations/future plans
25
recent memory
asking patient to view 4-5 test objects & to recall them in a few minutes
26
remote memory
asking patient to verify past events in their life
27
aphasia
the inabilty to speak
28
what are the expectations in terms of normal SPEECH & LANGUAGE SKILLS?
- proper inflections - clear & strong - able to increase in volume - proper COHERENCE/COMPREHENSION
29
circumlocution
substitution of a word to avoid revealing word was forgotten
30
clang association
word choice based on sound - nonsensical way
31
perservation vs. echolalia
repetitive phrases / repeats another person's words
32
describe the GLASGOW COMA SCALE
- type of OBJECTIVE TOOL - assesses the CEREBRAL FXN and BRAINSTEM has three divided sections; 1. EYE OPENING RESPONSE 2. BEST VERBAL RESPONSE 3. BEST MOTOR RESPONSE NORMAL SCORE IS = 15 ABNORMAL SCORE/COMATOSE = 7 OR LESS UNRESPONSIVE = 3 OR LESS
33
alert
awake or easily aroused
34
lethargic/somnolent
- not FULLY ALERT - drifts off to sleep - inattentive
35
obtunded
- difficult to arouse - must be SHAKED or SHOUTED AT - sleeps most of the time
36
stupor / semi-coma
roused only with PAIN or PERSISTENT SHAKING - grumbles or moans
37
coma
completely unconscious
38
traumatic brain injury - Concussion
direct blow to HEAD OR FACE - causes BRUISES to the brain - causes INFLAMMATION
39
symptoms of concussion
- dazed expression - slurred speech - nausea/vomiting - loss of consciousness - slow motor/verbal responses
40
mania
Persistently elevated, expansive, euphoric, or irritable mood lasting longer than 1 week; one phase of the bipolar disorder
41
schizophrenia
A severe, persistent, psychotic syndrome with relapses throughout life - often has hallucinations of impaired reality/often a type of genetic disorder
42
delirium
an IMPAIRED CONDITION--cases of behavioral dysfunction/consciousness - often caused by MEDICATION/DISEASE, is often REVERSIBILE
43
dementia
type of CHRONIC SLOW PROGRESSIVE DISORDER of failing memory, personality changes, etc... - often IRREVERSIBLE
44
aphasia
language problems
45
apraxia
organizational problems
46
agnosia
unable to recognize objects or purpose