Abdomen

Question 1

GI red flags (5)

Answer 1

1. Unexpected wt loss or rapid wt gain & or pitting edema
2. Bloody or coffee ground vomit
3. Black or grey-colored stools; mucous or blood in stools
4. Pencil thin, ribbon-like stools or persistent constipation
5. acute surgical abdomen

Question 2

what can cause a surgical abdomen

Answer 2

• inflammation
• perforation
• obstruction
• infarction
• rupture of organ

Question 3

typical patient profile for acute gastroenteritis

Answer 3

90% of the time viral infections

Question 4

duration of acute gastroenteritis

Answer 4

shouldn’t last more than 4 days

Question 5

aggravates/alleviate acute gastroenteritis

Answer 5

eating/not eating

Question 6

typical patient profile for IBS

Answer 6

middle aged to elderly

Question 7

symptoms of IBS

Answer 7

low fiber diet; recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation

Question 8

possible sporadic inflammation & ulceration throughout the entire GI tract

Answer 8

crohn’s disease

Question 9

typical patient profile for crohn’s disease

Answer 9

male or female 15-35

Question 10

symptoms of crohn’s disease

Answer 10

diarrhea and abdominal pain

Question 11

colon inflammation & ulceration of etiology unknown

Answer 11

ulcerative colitis

Question 12

typical patient profile for ulcerative colitis

Answer 12

male or female, young adults

Question 13

symptoms of ulcerative colitis

Answer 13

recurrent bouts of diarrhea 20/30 per day with associated blood, pus or mucus

Question 14

typical patient profile for clostridium difficile colitis

Answer 14

anybody exposed to the bacteria; often spread by hospital workers who have contacted the infected stools

Question 15

symptoms of clostridium difficile colitis

Answer 15

frequent, foul smelling diarrhea with associated blood, pus or mucous & abdominal cramps

Question 16

typical patient profile for cholera

Answer 16

Anybody living or visiting regions where poor sanitation & water purification or other means of contacting feces of an infected person

Question 17

typical patient profile for colon cancer

Answer 17

male over 50

Question 18

symptoms of colon cancer (late stage)

Answer 18

constipation, stools may be “pencil thin or ribbon-like” & occasionally diarrhea with mucous or blood

Question 19

GERD

Answer 19

gastro-esophageal reflux disease

Question 20

typical patient profile for GERD

Answer 20

adult, female more than male

Question 21

typical patient profile for cholecystitis

Answer 21

4 F’s

• fat
• female
• forty
• flatulent

Question 22

symptoms of cholecystitis

Answer 22

bloating and flatulence not relieved with antacids

Question 23

aggravating/alleviating cholecystitis

Answer 23

eating fatty or fried foods aggravates

Question 24

cholesterol stones develop which may block the outflow of bile which in turn initiates an acute attack

Answer 24

cholelithiasis

Question 25

severe URQ pain arises suddenly when the outflow of bile is obstructed by a stone

Answer 25

acute cholecystitis

Question 26

chronic or recurrent, mild to severe, burning, gnawing or aching epigastric pain, usually 2-3 hours after eating, or having citrus juice, coffee or asprin

Answer 26

duodenal ulcers

Question 27

food helps temporarily then worse a couple ours later; antacids help

Answer 27

duodenal ulcers

Question 28

occurs secondary to gall stones

Answer 28

pancreatitis

Question 29

symptoms of pancreatitis

Answer 29

sudden, severe, constant upper abdominal pain with associated fever nausea & vomiting

Question 30

aggravating/alleviating pancreatitis

Answer 30

eating and alcohol aggravate, fetal position alleviates

Question 31

physical findings for pancreatitis

Answer 31

cullen sign and grey turner sign

Question 32

indigestion that doesn't respond to ulcer or reflux treatments

Answer 32

gastric cancer

Question 33

recurring episodes of sudden, severe LLQ pain with associated diarrhea & rectal bleeding

Answer 33

diverticulitis

Question 34

what alleviates diverticulitis

Answer 34

bedrest

Question 35

main causes of high intestinal obstruction

Answer 35

- adhesion | - strangulated hernias

Question 36

main causes of low intestinal obstruction

Answer 36

- carcinoma - diverticulitis - fecal impaction

Question 37

intestines protrude through inguinal canal

Answer 37

indirect inguinal hernia

Question 38

intestines protrude through abdominal wall

Answer 38

direct inguinal hernia

Question 39

rare type of hernia tends to happen in multiparous or older women who have lost a lot of weight

Answer 39

obturator hernia

Question 40

pain down medial thigh to knee that is relieved by thigh flexion & aggravated by abduction, extension & rotation

Answer 40

howship-romberg sign (obturator hernias)

Question 41

usually painless swelling at the site of a surgical scar

Answer 41

incisional hernia

Question 42

umbilical hernia is most common in which age group

Answer 42

infants

Question 43

GU red flags

Answer 43

- painful urination and sexual intercourse - urethral or vaginal discharge - hematuria - increase, decrease or lack of urination - hesitancy or decreased force of flow - genital lesions

Question 44

UTI

Answer 44

cystitis

Question 45

untreated cystitis could lead to

Answer 45

acute pyelonephritis

Question 46

boys more prone often have bloody urine 1-4 weeks after strep throat

Answer 46

acute glomerulonephritis

Question 47

renal calculi

Answer 47

kidney stones

Question 48

nongonoccocal urethritis

Answer 48

chlamydia

Question 49

most common STD

Answer 49

chlamydia

Question 50

symptoms of gonorrhea

Answer 50

- dysuria | - yellow discharge

Question 51

An infection of the uterus &/or fallopian tubes secondary to chlamydia or gonorrhea

Answer 51

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Question 52

typical patient profile for bacterial vaginitis

Answer 52

pregnant women

Question 53

yeast vaginitis

Answer 53

candidiasis

Question 54

A copious, frothy, greenish-yellow discharge that causes pain & irritation following menses

Answer 54

trichomoniasis (vaginitis)

Question 55

mild, ache located around the umbilicus that worsens with peristalsis, N/V & diarrhea

Answer 55

Symptom characteristics of acute gastroenteritis