EarAtrochim

Question 1

an abnormal benign bony growth of the temporal bone that may occasionally be seen protruding into the canal

Answer 1

exostosis

Question 2

what might be seen when examining the ear canal

Answer 2

• earwax
• foreign objects
• exostoses
• otitis externa

Question 3

what naturally pumps wax out of the canal

Answer 3

TMJ

Question 4

otitis externa is most likely caused by what

Answer 4

bacterial infection (MC)

• fungal overgrowth
• dermatology conditions (psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis)
• swimming
• canal damaging cleaning

Question 5

what symptom could help differentiate otitis externa caused by fungal overgrowth instead of bacterial infection

Answer 5

pruritis (itching); as opposed to pain

Question 6

the middle ear consists of

Answer 6

tympanic membrane

• tympanic cavity
• ossicles

Question 7

where does the auditory tube run

Answer 7

from the nasopharynx to the middle ear

Question 8

how is the tympanic membrane split up

Answer 8

• upper 1/3 is called the pars flacida

Question 9

which part of the tympanic membrane is more transparent? the pars flacida or pars tensa

Answer 9

pars tensa

Question 10

the landmarks on the tympanic membrane are created by what

Answer 10

malleus

Question 11

what are the landmarks of the tympanic membrane

Answer 11

short process of malleus

• long process of malleus
• light reflex

Question 12

where is the short process located on the tympanic membrane

Answer 12

at the junction of the pars flacida and pars tensa

Question 13

which direction does the long process point towards

Answer 13

posteriorly

Question 14

the light reflex is a reflection of the otoscope that has an apex at the bottom of the long process and broadens out with its base in which direction

Answer 14

anteriorly

Question 15

which other ossicle is occasionally visible through the tympanic membrane posterior to the long process of the malleus

Answer 15

incus

Question 16

middle ear problems are caused by what

Answer 16

blockage of the auditory tube

Question 17

what are three possible causes of blockage to the auditory tube

Answer 17

• barotrauma
• adenoidal hypertrophy
• mucosal swelling and excess mucus occluding the lumen due to upper respiratory infection or allergy

Question 18

middle ear effusions are made possible by

Answer 18

blockage of the auditory tube

Question 19

types of middle ear effusions

Answer 19

• blood
• pus
• serrous
• mucous

Question 20

a middle ear infection common to children between six months and six-years-old

Answer 20

suppurative otitis media

Question 21

classic symptoms and signs of suppurative otitis media

Answer 21

• fever
• trouble sleeping
• diminished hearing
• red, bulging eardrum with diminished or absent landmarks and pus visible against the drum

Question 22

when air bubbles and yellow fluid can be seen through the tympanic membrane, what is indicated

Answer 22

serrous fluid in the middle ear (effusion)

Question 23

what is a likely cause of blood effusions of the middle ear

Answer 23

temporal bone fractures

Question 24

what increases the chances of contracting middle ear effusions

Answer 24

• crowded child care facilities (making it easier for children to get URIs)
• children exposed to second hand smoke
• bottle-fed

Question 25

conventional treatments for middle ear effusions

Answer 25

- WASP | - tympanostomy tubes

Question 26

when are tympanostomy tubes recommended

Answer 26

3 episodes within a six month period or persistent fluid causing hearing loss for 3 months

Question 27

in Dr. Fallon's experience, what is almost always subluxated on the side of the otitis media

Answer 27

occiput

Question 28

white calcium patches on the tympanic membrane resulting from old perforations, chronic inflammation, or previous tubes in the ear

Answer 28

tympanosclerosis

Question 29

possible causes of tympanosclerosis

Answer 29

old perforations - chronic inflammation - previous tube in the ear

Question 30

possible causes of tympanosclerosis

Answer 30

#NAME?

Question 31

cystic masses composed of epithelial cells & cholesterol in the middle ear

Answer 31

cholesteatomas

Question 32

WHY PERFORM THE WEBER & RINNE? TESTS WHEN YOU CAN SEE THE CANAL AND TYMPANIIC MEMBRANE

Answer 32

there may be inner ear problems (sensorineuro) or problems with the middle ear like otosclerosis no visible on the drum

Question 33

otosclerosis results from what

Answer 33

abnormal ossification of the ossicles, especially fixation of the stapes to the oval window

Question 34

if one ear is affected by otosclerosis, what will the findings be

Answer 34

- finger rustle will be diminished on that side - weber test will lateralize to that side - air conduction will be less than bone on that side during rinne

Question 35

when is otosclerosis most common

Answer 35

in women 11-30 years old; women twice as much as men and worsening in pregnancies

Question 36

hallmark symptoms of inner ear problems

Answer 36

- vertigo - tinnitus - sensory hearing loss

Question 37

if one ear is affected by otosclerosis, what will the findings be

Answer 37

#NAME?

Question 38

the weber, rinne, and finger rustle check for the function of which nerve

Answer 38

C.N. VIII (auditory nerve)(vestibulocochlear)

Question 39

hallmark symptoms of inner ear problems

Answer 39

#NAME?

Question 40

the weber test skips which pathways and tests which pathways

Answer 40

skips external and middle ear and tests inner ear bone conduction pathway

Question 41

age-related hearing loss

Answer 41

presbycusis

Question 42

the number one reason for sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 42

presbycusis

Question 43

second most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 43

noise induced hearing loss

Question 44

disorders of other parts of the vestibular system that can cause vertigo

Answer 44

- vestibular nerve - brainstem - cerebellum

Question 45

a sound that only the patient can hear; normally ringing

Answer 45

tinnitus

Question 46

distorted hearing and vertigo

Answer 46

labyrinthitis

Question 47

labyrinthitis is usually caused by

Answer 47

viral infections

Question 48

disorders of other parts of the vestibular system that can cause vertigo

Answer 48

#NAME?