Lung Quiz

Question 1

components of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 1

• nasal cavity
• pharynx
• larynx

Question 2

components of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 2

• trachea
• primary bronchi
• lungs

Question 3

what does white sputum indicate

Answer 3

viral respiratory tract infections

Question 4

what does yellow/green blood streaked sputum indicate

Answer 4

bacterial infection (not exclusively)

Question 5

bloody or blood-stained sputum coughed up from the pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi or lungs

Answer 5

hemoptysis

Question 6

rusty sputum is associated with

Answer 6

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 7

what would cause pink and frothy sputum

Answer 7

Air mixing with blood not as deep as in airways may cause pink frothy sputum

Question 8

what is the pain sensitive part of the lungs

Answer 8

pleura

Question 9

The trachea bifurcates topographically into the main bronchi at what level

Answer 9

2nd ICS anteriorly and at T3 posteriorly

Question 10

the apex of each lung projects where

Answer 10

1” above the clavicle

Question 11

where is the base of the lungs anteriorly

Answer 11

6th rib

Question 12

where is the base of the lungs posteriorly

Answer 12

T10

Question 13

how many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 13

3 lobes

Question 14

What are the traditional lung physical exam procedures?

Answer 14

1. inspection
2. palpation
3. fremitus
4. percussion
5. auscultation

Question 15

which of the traditional lung physical exam procedures is the most effective and efficient

Answer 15

auscultation

Question 16

abnormally slow breathing

Answer 16

bradypnea

Question 17

abnormally fast breathing

Answer 17

tachypnea

Question 18

rapid, deep breathing; as in hyperventilation

Answer 18

hyperpnea (kussmaul)

Question 19

shallow breaths; as in pleurisy

Answer 19

hypopnea

Question 20

Dyspnea initiated or aggravated when lying down

Answer 20

orthopnea

Question 21

Dyspnea initiated or aggravated when in the upright position

Answer 21

platypnea

Question 22

prolonged periods between breaths

Answer 22

apnea

Question 23

Dyspnea provoked by minimal exertion such as climbing a few stairs

Answer 23

exertional dyspnea

Question 24

Alternating crescendo- decrescendo breathing & apnea

Answer 24

cheyne-stokes breathing

Question 25

A few deep breaths followed by a period of apnea

Answer 25

biot respiration

Question 26

patient placement for posterior-lateral chest

Answer 26

seated with arms crossed, hands on shoulders and leaning forward

Question 27

With multiple unilateral rib fractures the fractured rib cage moves downward with inspiration instead of upward like the other side

Answer 27

flail chest

Question 28

The patient holds their chest in an attempt to limit movement as in pleurisy, bruised or cracked rib

Answer 28

respiratory splinting

Question 29

structural abnormalities that could be found during inspection

Answer 29

- hyperkyphosis - pectus excavatum - pectus carinatum - barrel chest - ICS retraction - ICS bulging

Question 30

congenitally depressed sternum

Answer 30

pectus excavatum

Question 31

abnormally prominent sternum

Answer 31

pectus carinatum

Question 32

what is palpation assessing during a traditional lung examination

Answer 32

- symmetrical elevation of the rib cage | - no structural and functional abnormalities of skin and musculoskeletal system

Question 33

Voice induced vibrations transmitted from the larynx through the tracheobronchial tree & palpated on the surface of the chest

Answer 33

fremitus

Question 34

which side paraspinal area has more pronounced vibrations

Answer 34

right side; presence of heart on left

Question 35

during pneumothorax are the vibrations louder or diminished

Answer 35

diminished

Question 36

during pleural effusion are the vibrations louder or diminished

Answer 36

diminished

Question 37

during lung consolidation are the vibrations louder or diminished

Answer 37

louder

Question 38

during lobar pneumonia are the vibrations louder or diminished

Answer 38

louder

Question 39

what are the five clinically useful percussion sounds

Answer 39

1. resonant 2. flat 3. dull 4. tympanic 5. hyperresonant

Question 40

what is the sound normally heard over the lung fields during percussion

Answer 40

resonant

Question 41

sound normally heard over larger bones like the sternum and scapulae during percussion

Answer 41

flat

Question 42

sound normally heard over the heart, liver and diaphragm during percussion

Answer 42

dull

Question 43

sound normally heard in the abdomen over the gastric air bubble and intestines during percussion

Answer 43

tympanic

Question 44

sound only heard over hyperinflated alveoli as in advanced emphysema during percussion

Answer 44

hyperresonant

Question 45

what do dull or flat percussion sounds indicate

Answer 45

- consolidation - pleural effusion - large tumor

Question 46

what do hyperresonant percussion sounds indicate?

Answer 46

hyperinflated alveoli as in advance emphysema

Question 47

what do tympanic percussion sounds indicate

Answer 47

spontaneous or traumatic pneumothorax

Question 48

what are you listening for during auscultation?

Answer 48

- breath sounds - added sounds - voice sounds

Question 49

what are the breath sounds?

Answer 49

- bronchial - bronchovesicular - vesicular

Question 50

what are the added sounds?

Answer 50

- crackles - weezes - friction rubs

Question 51

what are the voice sounds?

Answer 51

ABC, "EEE", and whispered "ABC"

Question 52

TRUE or FALSE: breath sounds are the loudest and longest over the large airways

Answer 52

TRUE; breath sounds are soft and short over small airways

Question 53

where are the breath sounds for the main bronchi heard

Answer 53

2nd intercostal space

Question 54

where are the breath sounds for the bronchovesicular/large bronchials

Answer 54

3rd and 4th intercostal space

Question 55

gurgling, popping sounds due to agitation of excess mucous in the airways or the inflation of multiple collapsed alveoli

Answer 55

crackles

Question 56

squeaky, musical, whistling sounds usually heard during expiration due to narrowed airways

Answer 56

weezes

Question 57

grating, rubbing, crackling sounds heard on inspiration & expiration due to inflammation of the pleura

Answer 57

friction rub

Question 58

what often accompanies friction rub

Answer 58

pleural pain

Question 59

what would cause increased breath sounds

Answer 59

- consolidating pneumonia (lobar or lobular) - atelectasis - large tumor

Question 60

Why does consolidating pneumonia cause increased intensity of breath sounds and a longer expiratory phase?

Answer 60

solids &/or fluid media conduct sound vibrations better than air, therefore if consolidation is continuous filling the airways from the bronchi/bronchioles to the alveoli it will conduct the louder, longer bronchial breath sound into the vesicular areas

Question 61

What could cause diminished or absent breath sounds at a contralateral point?

Answer 61

- blocked airway - significant pneumothorax - significant pleural effusion - significant pleural thickening

Question 62

Increased intensity & clarity of the whispered word ("ABC")

Answer 62

Whispered pectoiloquy

Question 63

Increased intensity & clarity of the spoken word ("ABC")

Answer 63

bronchophony

Question 64

Increased intensity & clarity of the spoken "EEE"

Answer 64

egophony

Question 65

chest cold

Answer 65

acute bronchitis

Question 66

Viral irritation causes inflammation of the mucous lining of the bronchi & perhaps some bronchioles resulting in symptoms of fever, cough with clear or white sputum & back pain.

Answer 66

acute bronchitis

Question 67

percussion produced during acute bronchitis

Answer 67

resonant over lung fields

Question 68

what are the notes on added sounds during acute bronchitis

Answer 68

large airway crackles & wheezes may clear with coughing

Question 69

Usually it's a bacterial infection involving the distal airways & alveoli causing small patchy areas of consolidation

Answer 69

bronchopneumonia

Question 70

what are the symptoms of bronchopneumonia

Answer 70

fever, dyspnea & a productive cough

Question 71

percussion produced during bronchopneumonia

Answer 71

resonant over the lung fields

Question 72

added sounds during bronchopneumonia

Answer 72

scattered crackles and weezes

Question 73

Usually it's a bacterial infection involving an entire lobe(s) of a lung

Answer 73

lobar pneumonia

Question 74

symptoms of lobar pneumonia

Answer 74

fever, dyspnea & cough with rusty sputum

Question 75

ribcage movements during lobar pneumonia

Answer 75

rapid and shallow

Question 76

fremitus intensity over lobe affected during lobar pneumonia

Answer 76

increased over consolidated area

Question 77

percussion produced during lobar pneumonia

Answer 77

dull over consolidated lobe

Question 78

ribcage movements during pleural effusion

Answer 78

rapid and shallow

Question 79

percussion produced during pleural effusion

Answer 79

dull over pleural fluid