ExtEyeAtrochim

Question 1

how would you test for visual acuity at a distance

Answer 1

using snellen or sloan charts

Question 2

how far away would a patient stand from the snellen and sloan charts

Answer 2

snellen (20ft), sloan (10ft)

Question 3

using the snellen and sloan charts tests the function of what structures

Answer 3

• anterior segment of eye
• central vision
• optic nerve
• visual centers in the brain

Question 4

O.D.

Answer 4

oculus dextra (right eye)

Question 5

O.S.

Answer 5

oculus sinistra (left eye)

Question 6

O.U.

Answer 6

oculus uterque (both eyes)

Question 7

good far sight but bad near sight

Answer 7

hyperopia

Question 8

good near sight bu bad far sight

Answer 8

myopia

Question 9

term for when the lens loses elasticity and causes diminished near sight but continued far sight, due to age

Answer 9

presbyopia

Question 10

what is the test called to test peripheral vision

Answer 10

conformation

Question 11

how is the extraocular muscle strength and innervation tested

Answer 11

6 cardinal fields of gaze

Question 12

which nerves are being tested for while performing the 6 cardinal fields of gaze

Answer 12

CNs III, IV & VI

Question 13

SO4-LR6-3

Answer 13

• CN IV innervates the superior oblique
• CN VI innervates the lateral rectus
• CN III innervates the other four

Question 14

how do you test for symmetrical alignment of the eye/binocular fixation

Answer 14

• corneal light reflex

- cover up test

Question 15

abnormal elevation of the upper eye lid

Answer 15

lid lag (retraction)

Question 16

a congenital or acquired weakness of the levator muscle or paresis of a branch of the third cranial nerve causes the upper lid to droop compared to the opposite eye

Answer 16

lid sag (ptosis)

Question 17

is inflammation of the eyelash follicles & Meibomian glands resulting in red, swollen, crusty lid margins

Answer 17

blephaitis

Question 18

a bacterial infection of a gland in an eyelash follicle

Answer 18

stye

Question 19

a hard, painless papule on the eyelid due to an obstruction of a meibowmian (oil) gland

Answer 19

chalazion

Question 20

the loss of orbicularis oculi muscle tone with aging causing the lower lid to turn outward interfering with proper tear drainage

Answer 20

ectropion

Question 21

ectropian can result from what other condition

Answer 21

CN 7 palsy

Question 22

inversion of the lower lid due to scar tissue formation on the inner surface of the lid

Answer 22

entropian

Question 23

inflammation of the tear sac secondary to chronic obstruction or narrowing of the of the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 23

dacryocystitis

Question 24

blood vessels dilate from the periphery towards the center

Answer 24

conjunctivitis

Question 25

Yellow elastic fibers form a plaque on either side of the cornea resulting from chronic irritation

Answer 25

pinguecula

Question 26

Sunny, dusty, windy conditions may stimulate growth of the pinguecula forming a vascular membrane that may extend over the cornea. what is this called

Answer 26

pteryguim

Question 27

microtraumas like coughing, sneezing or straining may cause a conjunctiva vessel to break trapping blood between the clear mucous membrane & the sclera

Answer 27

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Question 28

reasons someone might have yellow sclera

Answer 28

- fatty deposits - jaundice - antimalarial drugs

Question 29

blue sclera

Answer 29

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 30

brown sclera

Answer 30

melanin in people with dark complexion

Question 31

A grayish band along part of the edge of the limbus initially, eventually encircling the entire cornea

Answer 31

corneal ring

Question 32

a golden-brown band around the limbus of the cornea associated with Wilson's disease

Answer 32

Kayser-Fleischer ring

Question 33

PERRLA

Answer 33

Pupils should be Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light and Accommodation

Question 34

inequality of pupil size

Answer 34

anisocoria

Question 35

A fixed, dilated pupil with poor response to the pupillary reflexes

Answer 35

adie's tonic pupil

Question 36

Failure of the iris to close during fetal development resulting in a keyhole-shaped pupil

Answer 36

coloboma

Question 37

An irregular shaped pupil due to an adhesion of part of the iris to the cornea in front of it or the lens behind it

Answer 37

synechia

Question 38

decreased or absent response to the light reflexes yet the pupils respond to accommodation

Answer 38

argyll robertson pupil

Question 39

miosis, ptosis, and anhydrosis

Answer 39

horner's syndrome