Abdomen (GI) - Maklad Flashcards
(28 cards)
Eso location and dimensions?
25 cm pharynx to stomach
Starts at 6th cervical vertebra
Pierces diaphragm at 10th thoracic vertebrae
Ends at cardia w/ 11th “”
R border: lesser curve of stomach
L border: acute angle w/ cardiac notch at fundus
Eso constrictions?
Incisor teeth: 15 cm
Aortic arch: 22cm
L bronchus X: 27cm
Diaphragm: 40cm
Musc of sphincter?
Circ m thickening
Tone Loosens only when vomiting or swallowing
Ext sphincter details?
R crus, phrenico-eso ligament
Valve flap of gastric wall (cardiac notch)
Funnel shaped extension of gastric mucosa into eso orifice
Eso blood supply?
Arteries: inf thyroid, bronchial, thoracic arch, L inf phrenic, L gastric
Veins: inf thyroid, azygous, hemiazygous, SCV branches, L gastric)
Eso lymphatics?
To deep cervical, post mediastinal and L gastric lymph
Hiatal hernia cause?
Loose phrenicoligaments
Achalasia?
Lower eso sphincter won’t relax, food can’t get to stomach
Stomach location?
L upper quad
Epigastrum, L hypochondrum, umbilical regions
Stomach functions and contents?
Food blinder, secretes enz, HCl and mucous
Gastrin, somatostatin, IF
1.5L in adult, 30ml in kid
Parts of pyloric region?
Antrum, sphincter, canal
Borders and surfaces of stomach?
R: liver via lesser omentum
L: by peritoneal fold to diaphragm (gastrophren lig), spleen (“”), post ab wall (greater omentum)
Anterior relations of stomach?
Peritoneum of greater sac
Post surface of L lobe of liver, diaphragm and ab wall
Post relations of stomach?
Peritoneum of lesser sac
Separates post surface of stomach from: diaphragm, spleen, upper L kidney, L suprarenal
Duo specifics?
25 cm long, 5 cm wide
1st and last “ intraperitoneal and mobile
Parts: sup, desc, horiz, asc
Relations of each part of duo?
Sup: quad lobe, ant and neck of GB, X behind by portal vein, bile duct and IVC and gastroduodenal a
Desc: trans colon, post surface of R lobe, GB and jej coils
Horiz: ant: mes root, sup mes, vessels, SI coils, post: front of R ureter,
Asc: post: L psoas, ant: mes root, R: aorta, L: L colic flexure
Peptic ulcers?
Mucosal erosion more than that of acidic part of GI
Cause: heliobacter pylori
Treatment: antibiotics
If untreated can erode until it perforates the wall and contents leak into peritoneal cav
Jej and ilium attachment?
Both intraperitoneal, to wall via mesentery
Where does submucosa and mucosa reach max height?
Jej (2.5 m)
Ileum details?
More fat, smaller diameter and thinner walls than jej, Circ folds are absent in terminal part
Jej vs ileum?
Jej: Deeper red, more vasa recta
Ileum: aggregated lymph follicles
What’s intussuception? Volvulus?
Intuss: Fat/mesentary stuck in folds
Volvulus: twisted intestines
LI internal stuff?
Semilunar folds
What is appendices epiploic? Where’s it NOT located?
It’s peritoneal tags w/ fat in surface, not in cecum, appendix and rectum
