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Anatomy > Histology Of The Abdomen - Chiaia > Flashcards

Histology Of The Abdomen - Chiaia Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What are the secretion actions of the GI system?

A

Release of water, acids, buffers and enz by epi of GI tract and glandular organs

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2
Q

What do the pacesetter cells do where?

A

Aid in movement of digestive stuff, tract lumen

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3
Q

How does the GI tract depolarize?

A

Spontaneously via wave of muscular sheet

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4
Q

What does the stomach absorb?

A

Water and alcohol

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5
Q

What are the features of the gut microbiome?

A

2kg of it, 1000 bacteria species, 3 million genes, 2/3 unique to each person. Vit B and K production, some immune function

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6
Q

What do the microbes do?

A 
Make nutrients and calories
Improve absorbtion
Tune acidity so enz work
Make nutrients
Regulate gut hormones
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7
Q

What else are features and actions of the microbes?

A 
1200 main core
10^12 bac/gram
ferment carbs to short chain FAs
Make ingested nutrients available 
Epi abs, Vit K syn, motility
Brain-gut communication
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8
Q

Histo layers of GI?

A

Mucosa, submucosa and muscularis

Serosa

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9
Q

What’s part of the mucosa?

A

Epi, lam prop (MALT), musc. mucosae

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10
Q

What’s assc w/ the submucosa and muscularis

A

The Meissner plexus and Myenteric/Auerbach plexus (long and Circ muscles)

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11
Q

What is the serosa?

A

CT epi

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12
Q

What’s the mucosa histo of different parts of GI tract?

A

Eso and anus: strat squam (protective)

Rest: simple columnar (enz, hormones, absorb nutrients, special cells–goblet, enteroendocrine cells)

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13
Q

Lamina densa histo?

A

Dense or loose CT

Macrophages and lymphocytes

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14
Q

What does the musc mucosae line?

A

Thin layers of smooth m

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15
Q

What’s the submucosa made of? Assc w/?

A

Fibroelastic CT

Blood vessels, Meissners, mucous glands (eso, duo), diffuse lymph cells

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16
Q

What kind of muscles are the longitudinal and circular muscles?

A

Smooth

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17
Q

Serosa details?

A

Loose CT covered by simple squamous epi (mesothelium)

Assc with lymph and blood vessels of GI and adipose

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18
Q

What’s up with the enteric NS?

A

Within muscular wall, can function w/o CNS.

Modulated by ANS

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19
Q

Details of the submucosa plexus?

A

Secretory/motor
Hormones and peptides
Innervates mucosa
Synapses with myenteric neurons

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20
Q

Details of the myenteric plexus?

A

Motor, peristalsis, between layers in musc. externa

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21
Q

Eso details? (including mucosa, submucosa and musc ext)

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A 
10 in long, 1 inch wide
Inn by eso plex
Mucosa: strat squa non ker epi
Submucosa: Meissner plus eso glands
Musc Ext: upper 1/3: skeletal, mid 1/3: mixed, lower 1/3: smooth
Adventitia: loose areolar
22
Q

What gastric intrinsic factor?

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A

A glycoprotein made in stomach for abs of B12 in SI

23
Q

What are the stomach digestive enz?

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A

Pepsin, sal amylase, lingual lipase (fat)

24
Q

Stomach contents?

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A

More fluid
2.0 ph
more pepsin
protein disassembly

25
Stomach histo? Regions?
Simple columnar epi, gastric pits | Fundus, body and pyloric regions (based on glands).
26
Parts of stomach mucosa and musc ext?
Mucosa: gastric pits, simple columnar, lam prop, gastric gland Musc Ext: oblique, long and circ m
27
What's rugae?
Folds of mucosa and submucosa
28
Parts of the stomach mucosa?
ALL IN THE GASTRIC GLAND: | Surface mucous cell, mucous neck cells, parietal cell (HCl), chief cell (pepsinogen, gastric lipase), g cell (gastric)
29
What specifically is involved in the mucosa and gastric glands?
``` Pepsinogen to pepsin via HCl B12 abs (gastric intrinsic factor) ```
30
What does gastrin hormone do?
Release more gastric juice, increase gastric motility, relax pyloric and constrict eso sphincter
31
Where are parietal cells?
In gastric glands and body of stomach
32
How do parietal cells secrete stuff?
Active transport HCl via canaliculi into stomach
33
What regulates parietal cells?
Histamine, ACh, gastrin signaling from central and local modulators
34
What's associated with HCl release?
Receptors for gastrin (stretch on EC cells), histamine (""), and ACh (vagus, psychological)
35
SI dimensions/details?
20 feet long, 1" diam Duo 10" Jej 8 ft Ileum 12 ft
36
Plica circularis details?
Mostly in jej, increases surface area 3x
37
What's the villi made of?
Epi and lam prop
38
What cells types line the SI?
Goblet, paneth, enteroendo, regen, ABS COLUMNAR
39
What do absorptive surface cells do?
Abs water, reeesterify FAs, make chylomicrons, transport abs nutrients
40
What are the crypts?
Short, tubular (simple or branched), continuous with and open between villi, have enteroendo and pane the cells, regen, gob and columnar epi
41
Duo vs jej vs ileum?
Duo: few gob, broad, lots of tall villi, Brunners (branched, tubular, alkaline mucus and proteolytic enz) Jej: narrow, shorter villi, many gob Ileum: shortest, narrowest, fewest villi, many gob, Peyers patches (lymphatic and microfold cells)
42
What do paneth cells make and secrete?
Antimicrobial pep and proteins, lysozymes
43
Where are Brunners and Peyers specifically?
In submucosa of duo and ileum
44
What's Peyers also assc with
GALT, aggregated lymph tissue, immune sensor of gut, B and T lymphocytes, M cells, monitor intestinal bacteria pop, prevent growth of pathogenic bact
45
What are M cells?
In Peyers, transcytosis of intact luminal stuff (soluble proteins, antigens, and viruses across epi to mucosa)
46
LI details?
5 feet long, 2" diameter, rectum last 8", anal last 1" Abs of vitamins made by bacteria No villi or folds, many dense gob and crypts Lymph, surface abs cells Serosa = visc peritoneum Musc layer has distinct longitudinal layer, unusual musc externa No paneth
47
LI cellular components?
Crypts, lam prop, CELLS: gob, regen, abs, enteroendo
48
Tenia Coli?
Outer longitudinal layer, 3 fascicles
49
Features of rectum and anal canal?
Fewer and deeper crypts, more gob, surface abs cells
50
Histo of recto-anal junction?
Columnar to strat squamous

Anatomy (7 decks)

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