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Anatomy > Histology Of The Renal System - Delaviz > Flashcards

Histology Of The Renal System - Delaviz Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Vit D syn steps?

A

Precursor to D3 (in skin) via UV
D3 to 25OH D3 in liver
25OH D3 to 1,25 (OH)2 D3 in kidney (**Active!)

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2
Q

What does D3 A+?

A

Ca and phosphate absorption in SI

“ “ release from bone

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3
Q

What are the key facts of blood filtration?

A 
It's 21% of CO
600ml filtered per min
Both kidneys filter all blood every 5 min
180 glom filter rate, 90 per kidney 
1% excreted (1.5 to 2ml)
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4
Q

What’s the medulla?

A

Pyramid and column

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5
Q

What’s the papilla?

A

Apex of renal pyramid

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6
Q

What’s the renal sinus?

A

Adipose and loose areolar CT

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7
Q

What are the inner and outer parts of the renal capsule made of?

A

Inner: myofibroblast
Outer: dense irregular, fibroblasts and collagen

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8
Q

What are renal lobes? How many per kidney and the # of lobes equals?

A

Pyramid and cortex plus 1/2 surrounding renal columns.

10-12, = # of med pyramids

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9
Q

What’s the renal arterial supply?

A

Renal, segmental, interlobar, interlobular, arcuate, aff and eff arteriole, glomerulus and vasa recta

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10
Q

What’s the vasa recta?

A

Reab water and salt. Volume of salt and fluid taken in via artery is less than out via veins

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11
Q

What’s the renal venous drainage?

A

Vasa recta to interlobular or arcuate. Also interlobar and renal. NO SEGMENTAL!!!!

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12
Q

What does the lymph drainage do re: veins?

A

Follows the veins

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13
Q

What’s the renal cortex?

A

Cortical labyrinth plus medullary rays

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14
Q

What’s the Cortical labyrinth?

A

Renal corpuscles plus convoluted tubules.

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15
Q

What’s the the renal corpuscle?

A

Glom and Bowmans

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16
Q

What’s in the medullary ray?

A

Loops of henle and CDs

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17
Q

How many nephrons per kidney?

A

1.3 million

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18
Q

What’s a key CD?

A

CD of Bellini

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19
Q

What are the parts of Bowman’s capsule?

A

Visc layer: podocytes
Vast pole
Urinary pole

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20
Q

What are key features of the glomerulus?

A

Fenestrated capillaries (70-90 mm wide), 7.5 myoom diameter and 2 myoom thick RBCs

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21
Q

Functions of the mesangial cells?

A

Phagocytosis, maintenance of basement membrane, physical support to glom, contraction of aff art in response the ang II

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22
Q

Key stuff re: renal basal lamina (basement membrane)?

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A

Has lamina densa, lamina rarae (lucida) (2),

23
Q

What’s the role of the basal lamina in filtration?

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A

Densa traps large stuff (69000 Da+), lucida traps negative stuff, 4nm+ can’t pass

24
Q

What are the features of urinary filtration?

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A

A fenestrated endothelium W/O DIAPHRAGMS!!!
basal lamina w/ densa and lucida
Podocytes with pedicles (filtration slits)
Negatively charged
Filtration slits (20-40nm wide)
14nm2 diaphragm pores
<1.8nm pass

25
What happens in the PCT?
Na, Cl, K and water reab (67-80%) Na and K into extra cell space Cl follows Na to maintain electroneutrality, water follows Na to maintain osmotic equilibrium
26
What's PCT histo? Other key features?
simple cuboidal epi, basal nucleus, long microvilli on luminal border, LOTS OF MITO!!
27
How does PCT microvili compare to that of DCT?
Longer, more.
28
What else does the PCT reab?
Ca, glucose, bicarbonate, 100% of small proteins, AAs and creatine
29
What's the histo of thin and thick Loops of Henle?
Thin: simple squamous Thick: simple cuboidal
30
What are the features of the descending loop?
Permeable to water cuz of water channels, Na, Cl and other ions. Urea into lumen and interstitium. Na and Cl into interstitium. Conc gradient in inner medulla
31
What are the features of the ascending loop?
Impermeable to water. Thick asc limb: Na and Cl from lumen to interstitium Na and Cl maintain conc gradient in outer medulla
32
What are the features of the DCT?
Simple cuboidal epi Few short microvilli Many mito Few tubules visible in histo Aldo A+ Na/K/ATPase pump to transport Na (and Cl passively) from filtrate in lumen to interstitium K and H secreted into lumen Ca abs into interstitium in response to PTH
33
What happens to the DCT in response to ADH?
Water and urea leave lumen and enter interstitium
34
Urea vs uric acid?
Amm to urea in liver Amm: aa byproduct Uric acid: nucleic acid catabolism byproduct Creatine: from creatine phosphate catabolism, PO4 = source of high E bonds, ATP for skeletal muscle
35
What hormones act on the DCT and what are there functions?
Aldo: Na reab ANF: I- Aldo PTH: Ca reab
36
Key features of juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Macula densa of DCT JG cells of aff art Mesangial cells
37
Key features of macula densa?
DCT near vasc pole of its Bowman capsule Simple columnar epi Tightly packed cells, tall, narrow w/ central nucleus
38
When does the macula densa secrete renin and what's the innervation?
In response to low volume or low sodium conc in ultrafiltrate Symp innervation
39
What's associated with renin?
Angiotensinogen to ang I to ang II via lungs and ACE in blood
40
What does ang II do?
Vasoconstrict
41
What does increased Aldo in the macula densa lead to?
Increased Na and Cl reab in DCT
42
What are the features of the CD?
Simple cuboidal epi Ultrafiltrate from DCT to renal papilla Impermeable to water, with ADH, its permeable Acidification or alkalization of ultrafiltrate
43
What does ADH do?
Makes DCT, CD and CT permeable to water Water reab Conc urine
44
What empties into a single minor calyx?
Each papilla
45
What are the features of the ureter?
15cm long ends at post bladder Star shaped lumen when empty
46
Histo Layers of ureter?
``` Trans epi Basal lam Lam prop (dense, irregular fibroelastic CT) Tunica musc Adventitia ```
47
What allows urine to travel?
Gravity and peristalsis-like contractions
48
3 layers of the bladder?
Adventitia (CT and adipose) Tunica musc Trans epi (osm barrier)
49
Urethra lumen?
crescent shaped when empty
50
Urethra epi?
Trans: near bladder Strat squamous non ker along length and near ext urethral orifice Pseudostrat columnar throughout length
51
Micturition function?
Stretch receptors in bladder wall send impulses to S cord when bladder gets to 200-400ml
52
Inn and action of urination?
Parasymp, contraction of detrussor and relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
53
What's the int urethra sphincter continuous with?
Mid musc layer of bladder and neck

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