Anatomy Of Abdomen (Genitourinary) - Maklad

Question 1

Kidney dimensions?

Answer 1

Left is longer and narrower 
150 gm in males
11-6-3
upper pole closer to midline
Lower is 2.5cm from Iliac crest
Ant surface: convex and irregular, bit lateral
R is lower cuz of liver

Question 2

Where’s the kidneys located?

Answer 2

In the hypochondrium and lumbar areas

Question 3

Where’s the transpyloric plane?

Answer 3

Thru upper near R hilum and inferior part of L hilum

Question 4

What are the ant relations of the R and L kidneys?

Answer 4

L: stomach, pancreas, desc and transverse colon
R: transverse colon

Question 5

What are the posterior relations?

Answer 5

Upper: medial and lateral arcuate ligaments of diaphragm

Upper pole of R kidney at 12th rib, L at 11th

Question 6

What are the lower posterior relations?

Answer 6

The aponeurotic region of transverse ab, subcostal n+a, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal ns, separated by panephric fat

Question 7

What is the renal lobe?

Answer 7

Pyramid and overlying part of cortex

Question 8

What is the renal column?

Answer 8

Part of the cortex between the pyramids

Question 9

What are the coverings of the kidney?

Answer 9

Renal fascia, peritoneum, renal capsule, perinephric and paranephric fat

Question 10

What supports the kidneys?

Answer 10

Renal fascia, perinephric fat, renal vessels, opposing action of ab viscera

Question 11

What is nephrotosis?

Answer 11

Kidney weakness

Question 12

What is the blood supply of the kidney?

Answer 12

Renal artery (accessory a, 30%, small branches (capsule, pelvis, prox ureter, inferior suprarenal art).
R vein into IVC

Question 13

What does the L renal vein supply?

Answer 13

The L gonadal, suprarenal and inf phrenic veins. It can be lighted during surgery, so ligature should be placed to the right

Question 14

What are the features of the ureter?

Answer 14

25 to 30cm and descends retroperitoneally over psoas and common iliac. Descends down lateral wall until ischial spine then medial and forward to join the superolateral angle of bladder

Question 15

Of which surface does the bladder have 2?

Answer 15

Inferolateral

Question 16

How many paravesical fossae are there?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What is on the inferolateral surface?

Answer 17

The levator and and obturator internus

Question 18

In makes what is the posterior surface of the bladder related to?

Answer 18

The seminal vehicle and vas ampulla

Question 19

What is a trigone?

Answer 19

The smooth mucosal lining between the 3 openings

Question 20

What are features of the bladder neck?

Answer 20

Prostate and perineal membrane (females)

Question 21

In females what does the bladder sit on and lay back on?

Answer 21

It sits on the perineal membrane and lays on the vagina

Question 22

How and where is the apex of the vagina anchored?

Answer 22

To the umbilicus via the median umbilical ligaments

Question 23

What are features of the prostate?

Answer 23

It’s a fibromuscular gland, secretes seminal fluids, its apex is on the perineal membrane

Question 24

What’s the lateral relations of the prostate?

Answer 24

Levator ani

Question 25

What's the lymphatic drainage of the prostate?

Answer 25

The internal iliac lymph nodes

Question 26

What are the lobes of the prostate?

Answer 26

2 lateral, ant (isthmus), posterior, and middle

Question 27

What are features of the seminal vesicles?

Answer 27

It's a 5cm gland, between bladder and rectum, related medically to ureter, ductus deferens and ampulla. A coiled simple duct and diverticulae. Makes 70% of seminal fluids and is involved with sperm maturation, motility and immunosuppression in the female tract

Question 28

What is the course of the ductus deferens?

Answer 28

From the scrotum at the end of the tail of the epididymis thru the spermatic cord, passes in the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity

Question 29

What's the course of the ductus deferens in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 29

Lateral wall, then medial and forward to reach the posterior bladder wall

Question 30

What does the ductus deferens unite with, to do what?

Answer 30

Unites with the seminal vesicle duct to form the ejaculatory duct which drains seminal fluid into the prostatic urethra

Question 31

What's the form and function of the testis?

Answer 31

Makes sperm and testosterone, in the scrotum. It's covered by fibrous tunica albuginea

Question 32

What's on the posterior side of the testis?

Answer 32

The epididymis

Question 33

What is the testis and epi covered by?

Answer 33

Tunica vaginalis

Question 34

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?

Answer 34

Into the para aortic lymph nodes

Question 35

What is the uterus covered by?

Answer 35

Peritoneum

Question 36

What is around the cervix?

Answer 36

Luminal crypts with cornices (ant, 2 lat, post)

Question 37

What's the normal position of the uterus?

Answer 37

Anteverted (long axis of uterus and vag make angle) and anteflexed (long axis of uterus body and cervix make an angle). Neither is in line w/ each other

Question 38

What is the broad ligament and what are its parts?

Answer 38

Its peritoneal folds connecting the lateral wall of the uterus to the lateral wall of the pelvis. There's the mesosalpinx, mesovarium and mesometrium.

Question 39

What are the features of the mesosalpinx, mesovarium and mesometrium?

Answer 39

Mesosalpinx: near the uterine tube Mesovarium: connects anterior ovary to broad ligament Mesometrium: remaining part

Question 40

What are the parts of the uterine tube?

Answer 40

The infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, opening and fimbriae

Question 41

What's the blood supply of the uterus?

Answer 41

The uterine artery off the internal iliac

Question 42

How are the ureter and uterine artery vulnerable to ligation?

Answer 42

They cross under the broad ligament and can be lighted during a hysterectomy

Question 43

What are the features of the ovaries?

Answer 43

Oogenesis, 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, 1 cm thick

Question 44

What's the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries?

Answer 44

Aortic lymph nodes

Question 45

Where are the ovaries located?

Answer 45

In ovarian fossa on lateral wall

Question 46

How does the urethra differ in males and females?

Answer 46

Females: 4cm Males: 15-20cm, 4 parts: pre-prostatic, prostatic, membranous and penile