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Clin Lab III > Abdominal and Thoracic Fluid Effusions > Flashcards

Abdominal and Thoracic Fluid Effusions Flashcards

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1
Q

The escape of fluid into a body part that is not a dz, but rather an indication of a pathologic process in fluid production or removal

A

Effusion

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2
Q

Fluid accumulation in the chest cavity

A

Pleural effusion

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3
Q

Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity

A

Abdominal effusion

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4
Q

Which effusion is most common in cats?

A

Pleural effusion

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5
Q

Which effusion is more common in dogs?

A

Abdominal effusion

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6
Q

A thoracocentesis is performed when an animal has a _______ effusion

A

pleural

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7
Q

3 items needed to do a thoracocentesis

A
  1. 18-20 OTN catheter
  2. 3 way stopcock
  3. tubing
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8
Q

To perform a TNCC, TP, and cytological evaluation, samples should be put in these tubes

A

Purple top tube

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9
Q

To perform biochemical analysis of chlesterol or triglycerides, samples should be put in these tubes

A

Red top tube

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10
Q

To perform a microbiological cultures, samples should be put in

A

culture tubes

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11
Q

Performed for abdominal effusions

A

Abdominocentesis

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12
Q

To perform an abdominocentesis, the puncture should be done

A

1-2 cm caudal to the umbillicus

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13
Q

To prepare a slide for a non-turbid fluid specimen, it should be centrifuged for _ minutes

A

5 minutes

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14
Q

A low cellular fluid can be on a slide prepared as a

A

linear smear

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15
Q

Opaque fluids can be on a slide prepared as a

A

direct smear

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16
Q

When sending slides to a lab you should send 2 slides:

A

Stained and unstained

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17
Q

Transperancy of Normal Fluid

A

Clear to slightly turbid

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18
Q

Color of Normal Fluid

A

Colorless/straw yellow

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19
Q

TP of Normal Fluid

A

<2.5 g/dl

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20
Q

SG of Normal Fluid

A

<1.015

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21
Q

TNCC of Normal Fluid

A

2000-6000/uL

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22
Q

Predominate WBC seen in effusions

A

Neutrophils

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23
Q

These cells are seen in effusions and are large cells, found in clusters

A

Mesothelial cells

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24
Q

These cells seen in effusions have an oval to bean shaped nucleus, with lacy chromatin, vacuoles in cytoplasm, may be confused with Mesothelial cells

A

Macrophages

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25
These cells are seen in chylous effusions and lymphosarcoma effusions
Lymphocytes
26
Bigger than normal lymphocytes and are seem with inflammation
Reactive lymphocytes
27
These cells are found secondary to mast cell tumors, heartworms, and allergic reactions Rod like granules
Eosionphils
28
These cells are seen with mast cell tumors and various inflammatory disorders with red/purple granules
Mast cells
29
These cells are seen secondary to hemorrhage or contamination
Erythrocytes
30
These cells are seen with Epithelial cells, discrete round cells, and spindle cell tumors
Neoplastic cells
31
This stains clear and look like a Y shape in the center
Glove powder
32
Baby heartworm
microfilaria
33
These are smudge cells AKA ruptured nucleated cells
Basket cells
34
These type of fluids are of non-inflammatory origin | Referred to ascites
Transudates
35
Transudates can be due to 4 things
hypoalbuminemia, uroperitoneum, CHF, and neoplasia
36
Will transudates clot?
No
37
The predominate cells in transudates
mesothelial
38
These type of fluids occur as a result of fluid leaking from the lymphatic system, ^ in hydrostatic pressure or permeability
Modified Transudates
39
What are 2 main causes of modified transudates?
FIP and chylous effusions
40
Is coagulation possible with Modified Transudates?
It's possible
41
The predominate cells in Modified Trasnudates
Lymphocytes
42
Occur due to inflammation
Exudates
43
The predominate cells found in exudates
Degenerative neutrophils
44
3 reasons for exudates
1. inflammation 2. infection 3. necrosis
45
When placed in a red top tube, exudates will
clot
46
Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity
Peritonitis
47
Inflammation of the pleural cavity
pleuritis
48
Main cause of pleuritis/peritonitis
Bacterial infections
49
A gram + bacteria that causes pleuritis, systemic infections, and abscesses
Actinomyces spp.
50
Gram + soil saprophyte that causes pyogranulomatous pleurisy and pneumonia leading to effusion
Nozardia spp.
51
Anaerobic gram - bacteria that is normal flora in the mouth and is a causative agent for infected dog or cat bite wounds
Fusobacterium spp.
52
Occurs in cats of all ages and types, even large cat species | Fluid accumulates in the thorax and abdomen
FIP
53
The causative agent for FIP
Coronavirus
54
Mortality rate for FIP
100%
55
2 forms of FIP
Wet and Dry
56
This form of FIP you will see peritoneal or pleural effusions
Wet
57
This form of FIP will have pyogranulomatous inflammation with neutrophils and large numbers of macrophages C/S develop more slowly
Dry
58
This can cause transudate, modified transudate, or exudate | Urine in the abdomen
Uroperitoneum
59
Uroperitoneum is caused by
ruptured bladder, urethra, and ureters
60
Two tests used to measure levels of fluid with a uroperitoneum
BUN and CREA
61
Sometimes present with uroperitoneum
crystals
62
Can cause transudate, mod. transudate, or exudate | The fluid can be yellow to milky white
Cardiovascular Dz
63
2 things to perform to diagnose with Cardiovascular Dz
Radiograph or EKG
64
Common secondary to right sided heart failure
Ascites
65
Contain chyle from the intestines after ingestion of food containing lipids Modified transudate
Chylous effusion
66
Predominant cells with chylous effusion
neutrophils and macrophages
67
Chylous effusions will have ____ fat and ____ triglyceride content, which accounts for the milky white color
high, high
68
Chylous effusions usually occur due to
<3 dz or lymphoma
69
Rare cause of a chylous effusion
Ruptured thoracic duct
70
Modified transudate that does NOT contain chyle
Pseudochylous effusion
71
With a pseudochylous effusion, the white color is caused by
cellular debris
72
Not common in veterinary medicine
Pseudochylous effusion
73
Pseudochylous effusion is usually secondary to
<3 dz

Clin Lab III (6 decks)

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