Cytology

Question 1

Increase in size of an organ or in a select area of tissue

Answer 1

Hypertrophy

Question 2

Abnormal increase in the number of cells (increase in mitosis)

Answer 2

Hyperplasia

Question 3

The pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a tumor

Answer 3

Neoplasia

Question 4

A tumor that can be benign or malignant

Answer 4

Neoplasm

Question 5

The change in the type of adult cells in a tissue to a form that is abnormal for that tissue

Answer 5

Metaplasia

Question 6

Abnormality of development; alteration in size, shape, and organization of adult cells (non-cancerous)

Answer 6

Dysplasia

Question 7

Cancer cells that divide rapidly and bear little or no resemblance to normal cells

Answer 7

Anaplasia

Question 8

Microscopic appearance of nuclear chromatin, the coarser the chromatin, the greater the chance of malignancy

Answer 8

Chromatin pattern

Question 9

This sample collection technique is used to determine the stage of estrous in breeding females, evaluate uterine and vaginal dz, ear cytology, and fistulous tract (tube-like passages)

Answer 9

Swab

Question 10

When staning and viewing a swab sample, you should use which stain and view on what power?

Answer 10

Diffquick

100x

Question 11

This sample collection technique uses a scalpel blade with mineral oil to scrape a certain area of skin.

Answer 11

Skin scrape

Question 12

An advantage to the skin scrape technique is? Disadvantage?

Answer 12

It collects many cells;

Only collects superficial cells from inflammation

Question 13

When viewing a skin scrape sample, it should be stained in _______ and viewed at what power?

Answer 13

diffquick

40/100x

Question 14

This type of slide is made from lesions and tissues removed during necropsy or surgery and is easy to collect, but only obtains a few cells

Answer 14

Touch imprint

Question 15

This technique uses 4 slides

Answer 15

Tzanch

Question 16

This technique is performed on masses of the lymph nodes, nodular lesions, and internal organs at several areas and depths of the mass
It’s good for cutaneous lesions, but only collects a few cells

Answer 16

FNA (fine needle aspirate)

Question 17

2 collection methods for a FNA

Answer 17

Aspiration and non-aspiration

Question 18

Non-aspiration is AKA

Answer 18

capillary/stab technique

Question 19

This technique is similar to a blood smear

Answer 19

Linear/Line prep

Question 20

This technique involves dragging the needle tip through the sample at various lengths and directions

Answer 20

Starfish

Question 21

This technique involves using a second slide perpendicular OR parallel to the sample slide and pulling it smoothly over the sample

Answer 21

Compression (Squash)

Question 22

This technique is similar to the compression prep except when placing the 2nd slide parallel to the sample slide, you place it perpendicular and rotate the slide 45 degrees

Answer 22

Modified Compression

Question 23

This technique allows you to evaluate cells more thoroughly

Middle = highly concentrated with cells, 1/3 is prepared using squash, 1/3 is prepared using linear

Answer 23

Combination

Question 24

Site is clipped, not scrubbed, clean with alcohol

Can be used to sample almost any tissue

Answer 24

Tissue Biopsy

Question 25

2 methods of tissue biopsy

Answer 25

Wedge and punch

Question 26

Tissue biopsy sample is obtained with a scalpel blade | Used for solitary lesions

Answer 26

Wedge

Question 27

Tissue biopsy sample is obtained with a punch tool | Quick and easy to do

Answer 27

Punch

Question 28

Most common type of punch biopsy

Answer 28

Keyes

Question 29

Biopsy samples should be placed in _________ within one minute of obtaining and should be allowed to preserve for ___ hrs

Answer 29

formalin; 24

Question 30

You should not ________ a tissue sample

Answer 30

freeze

Question 31

Introduction of a needle into a body cavity or organ to remove fluid

Answer 31

Centesis

Question 32

Done in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 32

Abdominocentesis/parecentesis

Question 33

Done in the thoracic/pleural cavity

Answer 33

Thoracocentesis

Question 34

Done in the bladder

Answer 34

Cystocentesis

Question 35

To obtain CSF

Answer 35

CSF tap

Question 36

Taken from within a joint space

Answer 36

Arthrocentesis

Question 37

To obtain aqueous or vitreous humor

Answer 37

Eye centesis

Question 38

Cytological evaluation of mucus samples obtained from the trachea, bronchi, or bronchioles to assist with diagnosing pulmonary disease

Answer 38

Transtracheal/Bronchial wash

Question 39

3 techniques to a transtracheal/bronchial wash

Answer 39

1. Percutaneous 2. orotracheal 3. bronchoalveolar

Question 40

Area is injected with lidocaine, jugular catheter is placed in the trachea and flushed with saline, when the animal coughs retract plunger and collect sample

Answer 40

Percutaneous

Question 41

Requires light anesthesia and placement of an endotracheal tube Urinary/jugular catheter is placed through endotracheal tube and flushed with saline. Animal may not cough, so the sample should be collected after a few seconds

Answer 41

Orotracheal

Question 42

Bronchoscope is needed and samples are collected to assess lower respiratory tract

Answer 42

Bronchoalveolar

Question 43

Remember to collect ___ fluid expelled when an animal coughs and put into a red top tube

Answer 43

ALL

Question 44

This aids in the diagnosis of upper airway diseases Normal saline is infused into the nasal cavity using a syringe and tubing; sample is aspirated Helps diagnose inflammation secondary to sepsis, fungi, yeast, and neoplasm

Answer 44

Nasal flush

Question 45

A fluid that is colorless, low specific gravity, low protein, little to no RBCs, 95-100% lymphocytes

Answer 45

CSF

Question 46

A fluid that is colorless to straw yellow, transparent to slightly cloudy, odorless, and low TP

Answer 46

Peritoneal fluid

Question 47

A fluid that is due to a ruptured mass where blood leaks into the peritoneal cavity

Answer 47

Hemoabdomen

Question 48

A fluid that is pulled in a thoracocentesis. It is milky white and contains a large amount of fats and some lymphocytes

Answer 48

Chylous effusion

Question 49

Viscosity should be observed by performing a mucin clot test | Should be thick

Answer 49

Synovial fluid

Question 50

Large amounts of mucus are found in this fluid

Answer 50

Tracheal wash

Question 51

How many slides should be made from a fluid sample?

Answer 51

Multiple

Question 52

Fluid samples should be placed in

Answer 52

EDTA tubes

Question 53

All fluid placed on slide should remain on slide and not spread off the edge

Answer 53

Edge of Cliff syndrome

Question 54

The preferred fixative for cytological evaluation

Answer 54

95% methanol

Question 55

2 general types of stains used for cytology

Answer 55

1. Romanowsky | 2. New Methyelene blue

Question 56

3 Romanowsky stains

Answer 56

1. Diff Quick!!!! 2. Giemsa 3. Wright's

Question 57

Used as an adjunct to Romanowsky stain

Answer 57

NMB

Question 58

These are inexpensive, readily available, easy to prepare, maintain, and use

Answer 58

Romanowsky stain

Question 59

Bone marrow and lymph node samples should set in Diff quik for how long?

Answer 59

1-2 minutes

Question 60

This stain stains the cytoplasm weakly but gives excellent nucleolar details Used for nucleated cells, most infectious agents, platelets, bacteria, fungi, yeast, and mast cell granules

Answer 60

NMB

Question 61

Detects the presence of bacteria

Answer 61

Gram stain

Question 62

Gram negative

Answer 62

red/pink stain

Question 63

Gram positive

Answer 63

purple

Question 64

Used for histological evaluations

Answer 64

Hematoxin/Eosin stain

Question 65

Commonly used with human gynecological exams because it provides good nuclear detail

Answer 65

Papanicolaou stain

Question 66

Made by placing a drop of immersion oil on the specimen, followed by a coverslip

Answer 66

Temporary mount

Question 67

Made with commercially available cover slip mounting glue

Answer 67

Permanent mount