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Clin Lab III > Urinalysis Pt 2 > Flashcards

Urinalysis Pt 2 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Sedi-stain is aka

A

Sternheimer-Malbin

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2
Q

Primary choice stain of UA

A

Sedi-stain

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3
Q

To examine crystals, you should view a slide on

A

10x

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4
Q

To examine bacteria, WBCs, and RBCs, you should view on

A

40x

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5
Q

When an animal has pyuria, there is usually this many in a slide?

A

> 5/hpf

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6
Q

Normal finding for RBCs

A

up to 5/HPF

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7
Q

This may be seen in urine from males collected by voiding, catheterization, or cystocentesis
Confirms intact male

A

Sperm

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8
Q

Cellular covering of both internal and external body surfaces

A

Epithelial cells

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9
Q

Largest in size of the epithelial cells that are shed from the distal urethra, vagina, vulva, and prepuce
Looks like a fried egg (thin, flat, angular, or irregular outline, small round nucleus)

A

Squamous cells

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10
Q

Normal # for squamous cells

A

Low #s

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11
Q

Epithelial cells that have a tail and are round

Originate from the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra

A

Transitional

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12
Q

Smallest epithelial cells seen

A

Renal Tubular

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13
Q

Tumor cells of the urinary tract

A

Neoplastic cells

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14
Q

These form in the lumen of the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys where the concentration and acidity of urine is the greatest
Composed of protein and mucoproteins

A

Casts

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15
Q

Normal # of casts to see upon UA

A

few to none

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16
Q

Casts dissolve in this type of urine

A

dilute/basic

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17
Q

Cast that is smooth, clear, colorless, and semi-transparent with parallel sides and clear margins and blunted ends
Composed only of protein
Seen in increased numbers with proteinuria, strenuous exercise, and general anesthesia

A

Hyaline

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18
Q

Most common cast that is seen in UA
Textured appearance that can be fine or coarse
Contain granules that were once epithelial cells, RBCs, or WBCs
Seen in large numbers with nephritis and kidney damage

A

Granular

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19
Q

These casts are wider than hyaline and have square ends
Smooth, Colorless to grey and highly refractive
Large numbers indicate degeneration of renal tubules and always pathogenic

A

Waxy

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20
Q

These casts can have any type of cell inside and their membrane may or may not be visible
Deep yellow to orange in color
Form when RBCs cluster within the lumen of the tubules
Indicate renal bleeding

A

Cellular (Erythrocyte)

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21
Q

These casts are rarely seen in dogs and contain small lipid droplets
Large numbers indicate renal tubular degeneration
Seen with Diabetes Mellitus
Most common casts in cats with renal dz

A

Fatty

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22
Q

Identified in stained or unstained urine

Rod or cocci

A

Bacteria

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23
Q

If you suspect bacteria, you could use this to diagnose

A

Gram stain

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24
Q

Identified in unstained urine
Look like snowmen or footprints, colorless, and may have budding
Represents contamination, infection, or an old sample

A

Yeast

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25
Hyphae represent overgrowth of contaminants in sample where analysis was delayed If in fresh urine, indicates fungal infx of kidney or bladder
Fungus
26
Fungus that can cause systemic infections including colonization of the renal pelvis
Aspergillus terreus
27
Can be confused with casts, but do not have defined edges, resemble a twisted ribbon Common in horse urine
Mucus thread
28
Comes from dusting powders within gloves | Variable in size and have a Y-shape dot in the center
Starch
29
Sometimes contaminates urine samples and can include parasite eggs
Fecal material
30
A parasite that is typically non-pathogenic that can be seen in a urine sample Looks similar to Tricherus
Capillaria plica
31
C. plica is AKA
bladder worm
32
Dogs and cats can become infected with C. plica by eating
an earthworm
33
A single dose of this drug should get rid of C. plica
Ivermectin
34
This type of parasite is seen due to hemorrhaging
Microfilaria (<3worm)
35
This parasite's eggs are yellow/brown thick walled ova with a wavy surface Infects cats, dogs, and humans or carnivorous animals
Dioctophyma renale
36
Dioctophyma renale is AKA
Giant kidney worm
37
Animals can become infected with D. renale by
eating raw meat
38
Common finding in cat urine | Refractile spheres that result from obesity, diabetes, and KY Jelly
Fat Droplets (lipiduria)
39
Round to oval in shape with a yellow to brown tint with variable appearance Can be confused with parasite eggs
Mold/Pollen spores
40
Take on interesting forms and shapes | Should not be confused with microorganisms
Cloth Fibers
41
Elongated, asymmetrical and refractile appearance, not to be confused with fungus or parasite larva
hair fibers
42
When a coverslip is placed on a slide containing urine sediment, these can appear
air bubbles
43
Crystals in the urine
crystalluria
44
Most common crystal found in urine Colorless and 3D appearing, look like coffin lids Found in urine with any pH Caused by UTI or bacteria
Struvite
45
Struvite is AKA
triple phosphate
46
Struvites prefer a more _______ to ____________ urine
neutral to alkaline
47
Second most common crystal found in urine
Calcium Oxalate
48
2 types of calcium oxalate crystals
Monohydrate and dihydrate
49
This type of calcium oxalate crystal can be seen with antifreeze poisoning Spindle, oval, or dumbell shaped
Monohydrate
50
This type of calcium oxalate crystals look like squares than contain an x If seen in large numbers, can be signifying antifreeze poisoning or acute renal failure
Dihydrate
51
This breed of dog is predisposed to Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate crystals
Mini schnauzers
52
This type of crystal favors acidic urine and look like stop signs found in layers
Cystine
53
Increased numbers of cystine crystals that could indicate renal tubular dysfunction
Cystine crystalluria
54
These crystals favor alkaline urine and are yellow/brown in color, spheres with spicules (kind of like an acanthocyte)
Ammonium urate/biurate
55
2 dog breeds that are predisposed to Ammonium urate crystals
Dalmatians and english bulldogs
56
Favor alkaline urine Yellow, brown, or colorless spherical with striations or dumbbell shaped Normal in horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats
Calcium carbonate
57
Animals that Ca Carb crystals are normal to see in
horses, rabbits, guinea pigs, and goats
58
Favor acidic urine and are yellow/brownish Spheroids with concentric striations and dense (tree ring appearance) Rare and seen with tyrosine
Leucine
59
These crystals favor acidic urine and a yellow to light brown with needles protruding from the center and seen in small clusters Rare in animals, but seen with liver dz in humans
Tyrosine
60
Aggregates of finely granular material without definite shape
Amorphous
61
These amorphous crystals are made of Na, K, Mg, or Ca salts Form in acidic urine Brown/yellow in color
Amorphous urate
62
These amorphous crystals are similar to urates but are clear and form in alkaline urine
Amorphous phosphates
63
These crystals are common in canine urine that is highly concentrated and precipitates onto other elements in urine
Billirubin
64
These crystals prefer acidic urine and are yellow/brown in color and look like a lemon or diamond shape
Uric acid
65
This breed of dog can't convert uric acid so they excrete it in urine
Dalmatian
66
Uric acid stones tend to be more common in these dalmatians
males
67
Seen with animals that have been treated with sulfonamides | Resemble an iris or hay bushel and develop from decreased water consumption during treatment
Sulfonamide

Clin Lab III (6 decks)

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