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Nursing Essentials: Spring > Abdominal Assessment > Flashcards

Abdominal Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the largest cavity in the body

A

The abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain

A

GI stuff, URINE stuff, adrenal GLANDS, VESSELS, UTERUS

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3
Q

What lies outside of the cavity but is part of the GI system

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

How long is the GI tract

A

27ft

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5
Q

What are the main functions of the GI tract

A

INGEST, DIGEST, ABSORB, EXCRETE

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6
Q

What are the movements that produce digestion

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What is the abdominal lining

A

Peritoneum

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8
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum and what do they line

A

PARITAL (wall), and VISCERAL (organs)

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9
Q

What is the space between the two layers called

A

The PERITONEAL cavity

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10
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity contain

A

serous FLUID, reduces FRICTION, DIALYSIS

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11
Q

What is the function of the lifeguard liver

A

PURIFIES and DETOXIFIES

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12
Q

What is the function of the small intestines soaking up

A

ABSORBS 90% of the nutrients

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13
Q

What is the function of the large intestines drops a load

A

ABSORB WATER and SALT and creates FECES

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14
Q

What is the function of the stirring stomach

A

CHURNS food to enhance digestion

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15
Q

What is the function of the kidney cleanser

A

Regulates BP and FILTERS WASTE

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16
Q

What is the function of the pancreas powerhouse

A

Produces ENZYMES for digestion, INSULIN

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17
Q

What is the function of the gallbladders green goo

A

STORES and concentrates BILE to help BREAKSOWN FATS

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18
Q

What is the function of the esophagus elevator

A

TRANSPORT food

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19
Q

What is the function of the spleens security system

A

FILTERS BLOOD, RECYCLES RBC, fights INFECTION

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20
Q

What are the sections of the small intestion

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum (DJ Ileum in da club)

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21
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine

A

CECUM, ASCENDING colon, TRANSVERSE colon, DESCENDING colon, SIGMOID colon, RECTUM

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22
Q

What is in the RUQ

A

Liver, gallbladder, kidney

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23
Q

What is in the LUQ

A

Spleen, stomach, pancreas, kidney

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24
Q

What is in the RLQ

A

Cecum, appendix

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25
What questions should you ask about bowel movements
How OFTEN do you ahve a bowel movement? Can you tell me the COLOR, AMOUNT, CONSISTENCY, and ODOR (CACO)
26
What does bright red stool mean
NEW active bleeding
27
What can cause bright red stool
Hemorrhoids, menstration, LOWER GI bleeding
28
What can black tarry stool mean
IRON meds or OLD blood
29
When is black stool considered melena vs just black stool
The presence of blood, use a FOB test
30
What does green stool mean
Moving to QUICKLY
31
What is the normal range of amount of bowel movements
3X a day- 3X a week
32
What is the normal consistency of stool
Toothpaste, solid, soft, pass easily
33
What can hard stools be caused by and how can you help that
Constipation for NARCOTICS, DEHYDRATION, lack of EXERVISE/MOBILITY. FRUITS, FIBER, FLUIDS, MOVEMENT
34
What does monility equal
motility
35
What can soft/watery stool be caused by
Diarrhea, SICKNESS, food INTOLERANCE, DISEASE
36
Are you eating and drinking okay
Lack of intake can be caused by SICKNESS or MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES
37
Have you experienced any vomiting?
Pregnancy= morning sickness
38
What can coffee ground emesis mean
Old digested blood
39
What can hematemesis mean
Bright RED, NEW blood, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES!!! (EMERGENCY)
40
What is esophageal varices
An EMERGIC airway issue common in alcoholics
41
Have you jad surgery involving your abdomen?
CHANGE routine, BARIATRIC (amount), OSTOMY (coping)
42
Do any of your FIRST DEGREE relatives have any history of GI disorders?
GARD, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer
43
Do you drink alcohol? How MUCH, OFTEN, and LAST drink?
Cirrhosis, cancers, liver damage
44
Why is it important to get information about people who drink alcohol
MEDS and a need to check lever tests
45
What is the location of GERD
Mid-epigastric, may go to jaw
46
What are the characteristics of GERD
Heartburn, regurgitation
47
What are the exam findings of GERD
Burping alot, increased acidity
48
What is the location of pancreatitis
LUQ, back
49
What are the characterisistics of pancreatitis
SUDDEN onset, steady, severs, KNIFELIKE
50
What are the exam findings of pancreatitis
Distention, decreased bowl sounds, LUQ tenderness, Cullen's sign, Grey-Turner's sign
51
What is the location of appendicitis
RLQ
52
What are the characterisitics of appendicits
Colicky
53
What are the exam findings of appendicitis
Guarding, tenderness in RLQ, REBOUND TENDERNESS (more pain on release), mcburney's point, Rovsing's sign
54
What is Mcburney's point
Mexumum point of tenderness
55
What is Tovsing's sign
Palpate LLQ and have pain in RLQ
56
What is the location of menstruation
Lower quadrants
57
What are the characterisitics of menstruation
Cramping, sharp
58
What are the exam findings of menstruation
Guarding, tenderness
59
What are cullen's sign and grey-turner's sign related to
PANCREATITIS, ECTOPIC pregnancy, reptured SPLEEN
60
Where is the Cullen's sign
C around the umbilicus
61
Where is the Grey-Turner's sign
The Flank
62
What causes the two signs
Blood pooling under the skin
63
What are the premary preventions for coloractal cancer
DIET, EXERCISE, WEIGHT, SMOKE, ALOCOHOL
64
What are the secondary preventions for colorectal cancer
Screened 45-75 years old, FOBT annually, colonoscopy every 10 years, CT every 5 years
65
What are the assessment techniques for the abdominal assessment
Inspection, auscultation, light palpation, CVA tenderness
66
How do you assess the contour of the abdomen
Stand at the foot of the ned and then the side, rib cage to hip bone
67
What does rounded mean
Well nourished
68
What does flat mean
Fit, muscular, athlete
69
What does scaphoid mean
VOID, emaciation
70
What does amaciation mean
Abnormally tin or weak, malnutrition
71
What does protuberant mean
Enlarged, bulging abdomen, Excess FLUID, FAT, distanded
72
What does distended mean
SWOLLEN, sometimes hard, liver issues, the six F's (fetus, fluid (ascites), flatulence, feces, fibroid or fatal tumor
73
What are the causes of striae
Obesity, pregnency
74
How do you observe bulging
BEAR down, look around unbilicus
75
What does bulging mean
Hernias, or infants, have it
76
Is peristalsis usually visible
No
77
Should you palpate an aortic pulsation
No, it could be an aneurysm
78
Who can you see aortic pulsations in
Thin people
79
What are you listening for
High pitched gurgling sounds
80
What do these mean absent hypoactive normoactive hyperactive borborygmi
nothing, less, 5-35 per/min, more, heard w/out stethoscope
81
When can you state that bowel sounds are absent
After listening for 5 minutes in each quadrant
82
Where do you start
RLQ
83
What can cause hypoactive sounds
Constipation, post-surgical pts, carbotics, older, pregnancy
84
What do post-surgical pts need to have before we feed them
Bowel sounds
85
What can cause hyperactive bowel sounds
Coffee, laxatives, diarrgea, allergies, anxiety
86
What side do you use to auscultate an aoritc bruit
Bell=bruit
87
Where do you auscultate for an aortic cruit
xiphoid precess
88
What is a bruit
Turbulent blood flow caused by narrowing of the blood vessel
89
How to palpate
Palpate painful area last, KNEES up, WARM hands, HANDS on HANDS
90
What does tympany mean
NORMAL
91
What does dull mean
Indicative of distention, fluid, masses
92
How to assess CVA tenderness
Sit on the edge of the bed, 12th rib, hit fist on the other hand
93
What is CVA pain called
Flank pain
94
What does dull and excruciating flank pain mean
full- pyelonephritis excruciating- kidney stones

Nursing Essentials: Spring (21 decks)

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