Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

VETM 522 > abdominal surgery > Flashcards

abdominal surgery Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

why do abdominal exploratory?

A

confirm a diagnosis
surgical resolution
biopsy for pathology/histopatha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

approches for abd explore

A

ventral midline, laparoscopic, can do flank or paracostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can you see on abd explore

A

diaphragm, liver, gallbladder/bile duct, pancreas, spleen, intestinal tract, kidneys, adrenals, uterus ovaries, bladder/ureters, prostate, LN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

LN biopsy

A

whole node, careful w mesenteric (wedge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

intestinal biopsy

A

blade/biopsy punch, switch gloves and instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

liver biopsy

A

guillotine, biopsy punch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what organs are hard to biopsy?

A

kidney, pancreas, bladder, spleen, adrenals, body wall (uncommon), omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

types of peritonitis

A

primary- FIP
secondary- aseptic (FB, ruptured neoplasms, pancreatic enzymes, bile, urine etc)
septic- bowel perforation, wounds, surgical contamination, ruptured pyo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

peritonitis C/S

A

depression, abd pain, nausea, v+, d+, anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

peritonitis dx

A

BW- leukocytosis, changes w uroabdomen, sepsis, etc.

AXR- free air, effusion

fluid analysis- degenerative neutrophils, bile crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

peritonitis tx

A

medical- IVF, pain meds, abx (enro, ampi, metro), pressor
surgery- removal of inciting cause, lavage (300ml/kg), place JP drain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

peritonitis prognosis

A

guarded at best, needs a lot of post op management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

abd trauma

A

bite wounds, GSW, HBC
AXR/peritoneal lavage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

abd trauma tx

A

ex lap for all penetrating wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

indications for stomach sx

A

biopsy, FB,, GDV, hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stomach pathology C/S, dx

A

v+ w blood, bloating
BW- hypochloremia, met alk
dx w hx, rads, U/S, CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gastrotomy indications

A

biopsy, FB removal
safer than enterotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gastrotomy

A

lap sponges, stay sutures, suction
cut in avascular location
close w PDS, 2 layer inverting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GDV

A

accumulation of air in stomach, gastric malposition (180-270)-> necrosis, perforation, bleeding from short gastric vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GDV risk factors, C/S

A

lg/giant breeds, stress, feeding
C/S- retching, distended abd, dyspnea, restless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GDV dx

A

MEDB (lactate), ecg, pain meds
trocarize, gastric tube (GA), 2 IVs, emerg sx
dx- RL rad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GDV sx

A

dorsal, long midline incision
hold duodenum, pull ventral and push dorsal/left
assess gastric viability-> palpate thickness, mucosal slip, gastrectomy if necrotic
check spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

indications of splenectomy w GDV

A

torsed pedicle, no sign of contraction/surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gastrectomy

A

stay sutures on either side of viable part- cut sm portion, staple and oversew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
gastropexy (which side), types?
hiatal hernia, intussusception- left right- GDV types- incisional (behind last rib, through transversus abd, 2 suture lines) beltloop
26
GDV post op
ECG for VPCs/vtach, 24/7 monitoring
27
hypertrophic pylorogastropathy
congenital, brachy breeds <1y, acquired in sm breed dogs C/S- chronic, intermittent v+, increasing frequency dx- U/S, CT tx- pyloroplasty
28
hiatal hernia grades
I- sliding II- paraesophageal, part of fundus into thorax next to esophagus III- combination of I and II IV- herniation of abd contents can get intussuception
29
gastric neoplasia- C/S, dx, most common, tx
v+ U/S, CT gastric adenocarcinoma (dogs), lymphoma (cats)
30
SI anatomy
arterial blood from cranial mesenteric artery venous- caudal mesenteric, portal
31
indications for SI sx
FB, mass, intussusception, torsion, trauma
32
SI disease C/S
v+/d+, inappetence, anorexia, melena, weight loss if chronic painful abd, bloating
33
diagnostics for SI disease (obstruction)
BW- electrolytes (hypochloremic met alk) dehydration, sepsis rads- 1.6X L5 (dogs), 2X L% (cats) bowel malposition, plication, free air
34
surgical considerations for SI sx
fluids- rehydrate before abx periop
35
what suture should you use for SI sx?
4-0 PDS- simple interrupted, continuous 3-0 in lg dogs single layer appositional
36
solitary intestinal FB
make longitudinal incision and remove, R&A if necrotic (end to end) cut according to blood supply
37
what is the gambee suture?
suture pattern used in end to end R and A to prevent eversion
38
how to do R and A
if different sizes: cut non dilated side at a slant, wider bites on one side, cut antimesenteric side to make larger opening leak test w saline
39
leak testing
used to check sutures, inject w 25g needle, use pressure (15-25mmHg)
40
linear FB dx
thread etc becomes anchored under tongue, pyloris-> SI accordions along FB dx- PE, rads (plication), contrast rads (caution)
41
linear FB tx
conservative- if no C/S cut and follow through intestines sx- start at anchor point, milked down and remove w enterotomy
42
SI neoplasia
adenocarcinomas, lymphoma in cats R and A and submit for histopath
43
intussusception C/S, dx
young animals <1y idiopathic, parasites, parvo, linear FB, previous sx C/S- d+ v+ abd pain dx- palpation, rads (obstruction), U/S (targets)
44
intussusception tx
exlap- check GIT, reduce if possible, R and A tx for parasites, pain, nutritional support
45
mesenteric volvulus
twisting of bowel on mesenteric axis-> obstruction of veins-> edema, mucosa compromised-> arterial occlusion-> ischemia young lg breed dogs (GSD)
46
mesenteric volvulus C/S, dx
collapse, rapid distension, hematochezia dx- BW, gaseous distension on rads
47
mesenteric volvulus tx
rapid fluids for shock sx (R and A)-> do not allow reperfusion injury
48
hernias incarceration, strangulation
incarceration- sm bowel herniation, cannot be reduced strangulation- incarcerated w devitalization
49
hernia locations, tx
inguinal, scrotal, diaphragmatic, umbilical, etc reposition bowel, R/A if needed, close hernia
50
intestinal sx complications
ileus- regurg, V+ tx w prokinetics, anti nausea, NGT short bowel syndrome- resecting more than 75%-> malnutrition, weight loss, d+ tx- maintain fluid balance, nutrition adhesions- good tissue handling, tx w surgery dehiscence- 3-5d post op.-> septic peritonitis
51
lg intestinal sx
short unspecialized tube-> referral only! poor collateral circulation, cant assess viability, dehiscence
52
congenital megacolon
absence of ganglionic cells-> permanent spasm-> obstruction tx- R/A
53
obstipation
no stools for days-weeks dehydration, weakness dx- rectal, rads tx- try medical, manually deobstipate refer for subtotal colectomy
54
subtotal colectomy
remove colon from proximal site-> 3-5cm cranial to pubis **preserve blood supply to both ends
55
cecal disease
impaction- typhectomy inversion-> invagination into colon, bloody d+, typhlectomy neoplasia- anorexia, weight loss, v+,d+, tx w excision
56
lg intestinal neoplasia
dogs- rectum and colon adenocarcinoma, lieomyosarcoma C/S- blood/mucous in stool, tenesmus dx- rectal exam, rads, colonoscopy tx- very aggressive, R/A guarded prognosis
57
colonic torsion, C/S, dx, tx
GSD C/S- d+,v+, bloating, abd pain dx- rads tx- emergency-> try to R/A and L pexy **perforation-> grave prognosis
58
indactions for spleen sx
biopsy (guillotine, partial splenectomy) splenectomy- torsion, mass, trauma
59
splenic masses
2/3 are hemangiosarc 2-3 w sx, 6m w sx/chemo
60
splenectomy
ligate splenic artery/vein-> short gastrics (after pancreas) or can ligate all along the spleen (use suture, staples, bipolar vessel sealing)
61
splenic torsion
secondary to GDV, neoplasia presents as acute abdomen c shaped on rads remove before untwisting
62
liver lobes
left division- L lateral and medial central division- quadrate, R medial right division- R lateral, caudate
63
indications for liver sx
biopsy after imaging referral-> PSS< liver trauma, lobar enlargement
64
PSS
vasculature connection bypassing liver congenital, usually extrahepatic
65
PSS tx
peri op management (treat HE) sx for single shunting vessel-> slowly redirec bloodflow into portal vessel suture, ameroid constrictor, cellophane banding
66
post op management for PSSS
complications (portal hypertension, hypoglycemia, seizures) 90% success
67
liver lobe torsion
one lobe (L lat), non specific C/S dx w U/S, CT tx liver lobectomy
68
liver lobectomy
R sided more complex staples, suture ligation may need paracostal incisions, diaphragmatic release intensive post op-> may need transfusion, pneumo, ecg
69
liver abscess causes, dx, tx
rare necrosis of neoplasm ascending biliary infection hematogenous spread FB migration dx- CT tx- lobectomy, abx
70
liver neoplasia C/S, dx, tx
metastatic (from other organs) C/S- palpable mass, weight loss, collpase if bleeding, anorexia, high liver enzymes dx- CT most commonly hepatocellular carcinoma, can have nodular hyperplasia imaging-> biopsy
71
extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction dx, ddx
C/S are vague dx- U/S, CT ddx: extraluminal (pancreatitis, neoplasia) intraluminal- cholelith, flukes, GB mucocele
72
GB mucocele C/S
semo solid bile material blocking duct-> EHBO, necrosis of GB older-middle aged dogs (shelties) C/S- acute abdomen, variable (icterus, pain, septic shock)
73
GB mucocele tx
medical- low fat diet, ursodiol, SAMe sx- cholcystectomy
74
cholelithiasis
rare, 50% visible on rads, obstruct CBD at duodenal papilla referral sx
75
pancreatitis
compression of CBD medical management sx-> stent, cholecystoduodenostomy
76
neoplasia causing EHBO
tumors-> pancreas, gastric, duodenal tumours sx- cholecystoduodenostomy, jejunostomy
77
cholecystoenterostomy complications
bile leakage-> peracute sepsis long tern- chronic cholangiohep, stenosis b/w Gb and intestine-> can create new opening
78
septic cholecystitis
rare, most common in cats acute abd-> devitalization, perforation, septic peritonitis
79
bile peritonitis tx
stop leak, ensure bile flow postop management critical
80
indications for pancreas sx
biopsy, mass removal, pancreatitis, pseudocyst
81
pancreatic biopsy technique
be careful guillotine, stapler, bipolar vessel sealing
82
reasons for pancreatitis sx
concurrent EHBO (stent) need a longer term feeding tube
83
pancreatic abscess dx, tx
rare, complication of pancreatitis dx- C/S similar to pancreatitis, U/S, CT tx= sx- debride, culture, partial pancreatectomy
84
pancreatic pseudocyst
collection of fluid enclosed w fibrous tissue (Sterile) dx- U/S tx- aspiration, sx if growing

VETM 522 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions