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VETM 522 > respiratory disease > Flashcards

respiratory disease Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Clinical signs of nasal disease

A

nasal dc, sneezing, facial deformity

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2
Q

causes of nasal discharge (location)
what factors to consider?

A

nasal cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx
unilateral/bilateral?
acute vs chronic

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3
Q

causes of unilateral or bilateral nasal dc

A

unilateral: FB, neoplasia, inflammatory, fungal
bilateral: systemic, infectious, neoplasia (progressed)

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4
Q

diagnostics for nasal disease

A

oral exam, aural exam, check nares for lesions, patency
culture, retroviral testing, coag tests

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5
Q

diagnostics for chronic nasal disease

A

CT, rhinoscopy, biopsy

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6
Q

types of nasal disorders

A

inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, FB structural

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7
Q

primary bacterial rhinitis

A

mucopurulent nasal dc-> uncommon
dx- culture nasal lavage/brushing

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8
Q

canine nasal aspergillosis
C/S, dx, tx

A

caused by A. fumigatus, lg dose or immune dysfunction
common in young male GSD-> mucoid nasal dc, facial pain, nasal depigmentation
dx- CT, rads, serology, rhino w biopsy/cytology
tx- debridement, topical antifungal

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9
Q

canine inflammatory rhinitis
types, C/S, dx, tx

A

lymphoplasmacytic or eosinophilic
C/S: sneezing, bilateral nasal dc, no systemic illness
dx- CT, rhino, biopsy-> need to r/o other diseases
tx- humidification, identify allergens, trial antihistamines, steroids

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10
Q

canine nasal mites
C/S. tx

A

sneezing, reverse sneezing
milbemycin oxime q7d for 3wks
ivermectin 200mcg/kg 3wks twice
selamectin q2wks X3

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11
Q

nasal foreign body
signalment, C/S

A

lg breed dogs
acute onset sneesing, pawing at face, epistaxis

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12
Q

feline upper resp disease

A

syndrome- upper resp in cats (infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, structural), URI

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13
Q

feline upper resp infection agents, transmission, C/S

A

viral- calici/herpes
mycoplasma sp, bordatella, chlamydophila, strep
resp ocular oral transmission:
FCV- contaminated environment, carrier cats
FHV- latent infection

C/S: depression, fever, oral ulceration, sneezing, conjunctivitis

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14
Q

acute FHV

A

sneezing, ocular/nasal dc, inappetence, fever, conjunctivitis, ulcerative keratitis

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15
Q

upper resp bacterial infection

A

chlamydophila- conjunctivitis
mycoplasma- conjunctivitis URI
bordetella- primary nasal dc and pneumonia

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16
Q

acute resp infection approach?

A

history and C/S diagnostic, further tests not pursued

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17
Q

when to obtain further testing for acute resp infection?

A

unusual or severe signs
legal issues
detect carriers

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18
Q

acute resp infection treatment

A

self limiting
- restore fluids, nebulize
- clean nasal dc
- appetite stimulants
- lysine
- famcyclovir
- probiotics, stress management

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19
Q

when to use abx for acute resp infection? which one?

A

signs >10d, fever, anorexia w nasal dc
doxycycline first choice-> further tests if failure

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20
Q

control strategies for acute resp disease

Study These Flashcards
A

increase immunity (vx), decreasing exposure

21
Q

feline chronic rhinosinusitis causes, C/S, dx, tx

Study These Flashcards
A

secondary to FHV infection. hx nasal disease, recurrent dc, increases w stress

C/S- sneezing, steror, nasal dc, healthy
dx- EXCLUSION
complete oral exam, imaging, rhino, biopsy
tx- abx, air humidification, lysine, antiviral, nasal flushing if significant

22
Q

feline nasal cryptococcus
etiology? dx, tx

Study These Flashcards
A

cryptococcus neoformans/gattii-> inhalation of spores-> granulomatous lesions on nasal bones, nasal cavity

dx- LCAT (serum, CSF)
cytology w india ink
tx- oral/inj antifungal 6m
check titres- prognosis good w/o neuro

23
Q

nasal planum SCC
signalment, dx, tx

Study These Flashcards
A

locally invasive, white cats
dx- biopsy
tx- sx, radiation +/- chemo

24
Q

common tracheal condition types

Study These Flashcards
A

functional/structural. infectious

25
tracheal collapse causes and factors
dorsoventral flattening of tracheal rings intra/extrathoracic trachea worsened by obesity, chronic coughing, increased resp
26
tracheal collapse signalment, C/S, dx, tx
sm breed dogs goose honk cough, resp distress (cyanosis, dyspnea) dx- rads, tracheobronchoscopy, fluoroscopy tx- weight loss, harness, tx concurrent dz, cough suppressant (hydrocodan, torb) sx (referral)- stent
27
tracheal collapse grading
1- 25% collapse, circular rings 2- 50% collapse, dorsal membrane stretched 3- 75% collapse, pendulous membrane 4- 95% collapse
28
tracheal collapse look alkies on rads
visible (redundant) tracheal membrane superimposed esophagus
29
hypoplastic trachea
congenital in bulldogs. tx- treat concurrent disease (BOAS), can have good QOL
30
CIRDC
contagious acute onset infection, URT PI, adenovirus-2, bordetella
31
CIRDC C/S, dx
dry hacking cough, sneezing, nasal dc, +/- fever dx- hx, PE sample w complicated disease tx- abx
32
tracheal rupture
after ET intubation in cats dx- rads, outline of esophagus tx- monitor resp status, most heal w/o intervention
33
canine chronic bronchitis signalment, C/S
middle aged-older sm breed dogs C/S- harsh cough daily >2m, +/- exercise intolerance, increased effort
34
canine chronic bronchitis dx?
exclude other causes (heartworm testing, fecal, TXR, airway cytology/culture)
35
canine chronic bronchitis tx?
oral pred 1mg/kg/d, taper down fluticasone inhaler bronchodilators, weight loss, avoid irritants, humidification prognosis-inflammation/inflammatory mediators
36
feline asthma pathogenesis
airway inflammation-> excessive mucous-> bronchial wall edema-> bronchoconstriction = airway narrowing
37
feline asthma dx
hx, C/S, exclude other dz (bronchitis, heartworm, parasitic, pneumonia) rads- bronchial pattern, collapse of R middle, hyperinflation **definitive dx**-> airway sampling (eosinophils) +culture
38
feline asthma tx emergency and chronic
emergency: oxygen, sedation (torb 0.2-0.4mg/kg IV) bronchodilator (terbutaline), albuterol 0.1mg/kg dexamethasone IV chronic: pred 1-2mg/kg/d fluticasone +salbutamol for flare ups
39
eosinophilic lung disease
eosinophilic infiltration of bronchi and lungs, expected hypersensitivity response need to r/o other eosinophilic diseases
40
signalment for eosinophilic lung disease, C/S
young/middle aged dogs C/S- cough, gagging, retching, nasal dc, tachypnea, exercise intolerance
41
eosinophilic lung disease dx, tx
cbc- eosinophilia rads- bronchial/interstitial pattern CT- bronchial wall thickening, mucous plugs bronchoscopy- thick mucous, granulomas increased eosinophils on airway sampling tx- pred 1-2mg/kg/d, taper prognosis good deworm, remove allergens
42
pneumonia types/causes
bacterial- bordetella, mycoplasma, pasteurella, e.coli, strep viral- CAV-2, distemper, influenza, PI aspiration fungal- blastomycosis, big 4
43
bacterial pneumonia presentation, C/S, dx, tx
unusual in healthy young pets- underlying disease (megaesophagus, FB, etc) C/S- cough, fever, dyspnea, may be systemically ill dx- rads (interstitial to alveolar), pleural effusion. cbc- leukocytosis, airway cytology/culture (bacteria, degenerate neutrophils) tx- abx based on c+s 1-2 wks, IVF, oxygen, nebulize
44
C/S of pleural space disease
tachypnea, muffled heart/lung sounds
45
chylothorax
trauma, idiopathic, cardiac disease predisposed in shibas, persians, older patients dx- rads, fluid analysis w lymph, high triglycerides tx- find underlying cause, tap, low fat diet. sx thoracic duct ligation w failed medical intervention
46
complication of 3rd space disease
hypoprotenemia (repeated taps), infection fibrosing pleuritis (scalloped outline, persistant dyspnea)-> lung parenchyma doesnt expand
47
mediastinal mass types
neoplasia (lymphoma, thymoma) abscess, cyst
48
mediastinal mass C/S
resp compromise (pushing on lungs), decreased lung sounds, dysphagia, cough, horners, edema of head and neck
49
mediastinal mass dx, tx
rads- widening, tracheal elevation U/S- biopsy CT if sx tx- radiation, chemo, sx (neoplasia) cysts/abscess sx

VETM 522 (22 decks)

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