repro surgery

Question 1

ovarian neoplasia

Answer 1

can seed peritoneum
dogs:
sex cord (granulosa cell tumour)- most common, produces estrogen-> pancytopenia, estrus, CEH, pyometra
epithelial cell
germ cell- teratoma

cats: sex cord tumours most common, 50% malignant
germ cell- dysgerminomas

Question 2

ovarian remnant syndrome

Answer 2

signs of estrus from estrogen
dx- AMH and progesterone levels
exlap 3wks after ovulation

Question 3

dystocia

Answer 3

surgical procedure, with or without OVH
ventral midline incision-> exteriorize uterus-> incise body of uterus, milk puppies out-> double clamp umbilical vessels and resect, remove placenta

close in 2 layers (simple continuous appositional-> inverting over top)
continue w OVH, or do en bloc resection

Question 4

pyometra

Answer 4

open or closed
long incision, gentle tissue handling, use carmalts. ligate w modified millers knot
place ligatures in cervix, take out entire uterine body

Question 5

uterine neoplasia

Answer 5

rare, mostly leiomyosarcomas in dogs, adenocarcinoma in cats

Question 6

hooded vulva

Answer 6

lg breed dogs, early OVH
perivulvar dermatitis, recurrent UTI

tx- vulvoplasty, episoplasty

Question 7

vaginal edema

Answer 7

hormonal influence
tx- OVH, resect tissue

Question 8

vaginal prolapse

Answer 8

rare, tx w manual reduction and OVH, hysteropexy

Question 9

cryptorchidism

Answer 9

not descended after 6m
remove abdominal testes-> higher neoplasia risk

Question 10

testicular neoplasia

Answer 10

older dogs
sertoli cell tumour-> produces estrogen (alopecia, anemia) reversible with neuter, can met (10%)
seminoma- 6-11% mets
leydig cell- produce testosterone-> perineal hernia

tx castration, scrotal ablation

Question 11

hypospadias

Answer 11

boston terrier developmental anomaly-> incomplete urethra development
tx depends on location, extent

Question 12

penile strangulation

Answer 12

traumatx- amputation, scrotal urethrostomy

Question 13

penile neoplasia

Answer 13

TVT, papilloma, SCC
C/S- licking, dc
dx- PE, cytology, bipsy
tx- chemo, RT, sx

Question 14

paraphimosis tx

Answer 14

ice, hyperosmolar solution, lube
pain control
surgery-> enlarge preputial opening, phallopexy

Question 15

phimosis

Answer 15

inability to extrude penia
congenital vs acquired-> urine in drops or thin stream, licking
tx- enlarge preputial opening

Question 16

BPH C/S, DDX

Answer 16

C/S- tenesmus, hematuria, ribbon like stools
DDX: prostatic cyst, prostatitis, neoplasia, abscess

Question 17

prostate work up

Answer 17

rads- show enlargement, contrast cystourethrogram
U/S better for differentiating-> inflammation/neoplasia brighter
prostatic fluid with traumatic cath, prostatic wash

Question 18

prostatitis, prostatic abscess
C/S, dx, tx

Answer 18

older intact dogs
BPH-> infection (e.coli)
drains out of penis, can rupture into abdomen

C/S- painful, uneven on palpation
purulent dc, anorexia, fever, lethargy

dx- leukocytosis, high ALP, ALT
tx- castration, abx (enro, TMS, chloramphenicol)
referral surgery-> marsupialization, drainage, omentalization

Question 19

prostatic cyst C/S, dx, tx

Answer 19

C/S- incontinence, dysuria, hematuria, dyschezia

dx- PE, BW, UA, rads, abd U/s shows second bladder

tx- castration, drainage (may recoccur), surgical resection, omentalization

Question 20

prostatic neoplasia types, C/S, dx, tx

Answer 20

adenocarcinoma in dogs, TCC in cats
aggressive cancer

C/S- dysuria, hematuria, tenesmus, pain
dx- rectal exam, BW, U/S, aspiration/cytology

tx- sx (stenting), RT, NSAIDs (palliative)

Question 21

anal sacculitis

Answer 21

sm dogs
scooting, licking, biting, draining tract

tx- impaction- express
sacculitis- infuse w abx/steroid
abscess- incision and drainage w systemic abx

Question 22

anal sacculectomy

Answer 22

closed: cannulate and fill, incise/ligate and remove

open: cannulate, incise and open up, remove sac and duct entirely

Question 23

anal sac neoplasia

Answer 23

adenocarcinoma- malignant
perineal swelling, causes hypercalcemia

dx- high Ca, abd U/S shows lg LN, TXR for mets
tx- surgical excision, chemo, RT

Question 24

rectal prolapse

Answer 24

secondary to tenesmus
reduce and place purse string for 3-5d
R&A if necrotic

Question 25

perineal neoplasia

Answer 25

adenoma from circumanal glands (older intact males)
tx- castration, excision

Question 26

perineal hernia C/S, dx, tx

Answer 26

loss of muscular support (external sphincter, levator ani, internal obturator)-> older male intact

C/S- perineal swelling, tenesmus constipation, stranguria (bladder retroflexion)

tx- ucath, perineal herniorrhaphy (internal obturator flap to pelvic muscles