Abnormal Behaviuor in History Context - Chapter 2 Content Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is a psychological disorder?
It is a psychological dysfunction in an individual that is associated with distress/impairment in function and has a non-typical response.
What is a prototype?
It is the diagnostic criteria found in the DSM-5, and the person must have a certain amount of symptoms and meet certain criteria for the disorder because their symptoms are close to the prototype.
Define Psychopathology.
The scientific study of psychological disorders.
What are the 2 factors of a clinical description?
The first is presenting the problem, the reason the person came to the clinic, and the second is determining the clinical description, representing the combo of behaviour, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.
Define Etiology.
It is the study of the origin, which has to do with how the disorder begins, and the cause of it.
Define psychosocial.
Focusing on psychological factors, and also social and culture.
Define psychoanalysis.
The elaborate theory of the structure of the mind and the role of unconscious processes in determining behaviour.
Define behaviourism.
Focusing on how learning and adaptation affect the development of psychopathology.
What is the psychoanalytic model?
It is a complex theory by Freud that explains the development and structure of personality, focusing on inferred entities and forces.
What are the three main facts about the psychoanalytic model?
- The structure of the mind and functions of the personality can clash with one another
- The defence mechanism with which the mind defends itself from the clashes
- The stages of early psychosexual development provide knowledge for our inner conflicts
What are the three parts of the mind according to Freud?
The id (source of strong sexual and aggressive entities), ego (logical thinking by reality principle) and superego (conscience thinking driven by morals). The struggle amount these three is called intrapsychic conflict.
What are your defence mechanisms?
Unconscious processes keep emotions associated with conflicts in check so the ego can continue to coordinate function.
Examples: denial, displacement, projection, rationalization, repression, sublimation
Psychosexual stages of development
A stage through development where id gratification is at its max. The stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital, representing our basic needs and satisfying our drive for physical pleasure.
Explain the free association technique.
Explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious and the patient is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring. This I to reveal emotionally charged material that may be causing harm.
Explain the dream analysis technique.
Dream content is examined as symbolic of id impulses and intrapsychic conflicts.
Describe the self-actualising process.
it is a process in humanistic psychology in which people strive to achieve their highest potential against difficult life experiences. Maslow created the hierarchy of needs.
What is person-centered therapy?
Therapy in which the client leads the conversation in hopes of seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility.
Describe classical conditioning.
A type of learning occurs when a neural stimulus is paired with a response until it elicits that response. This is a way we acquire new info. An unconditioned response occurs when a stimulus is shown that will produce a response in almost everyone. When paired with the unconditioned response we can create a conditioned response with the stimuli.
Define extinction.
A response that was kept by reinforcement slowly decreases as the reinforcements decreases. Eventually, no stimuli = no response.
Define introspection.
Way to study using systemic attempts to report thoughts and feelings that specific stimuli evoked.
Explain systemic desensitization.
A behavioural therapy technique is used by gradually showing people their fears and using healthy coping to diminish this fear.
Describe operant conditioning.
Behaviour operates on the environment and changes it in some ways to help adjust. Reinforcement was used in a positive and negative way to increase or decrease a specific behaviour. The new response was developed by shaping and reinforcing a successful similar version of the desired response.
Define psychological abnormality.
This is based on the 3 D’s: dysfunction, distress/impairment, and deviance and all three must be present to be abnormal.
Define dysfunction.
A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioural functioning. this can not always be clear considering other facts such as someone who is on a diet vs an eating disorder.
