abnormal exam Flashcards
(71 cards)
flight of ideas
is associated with manic episodes
phobia with the clearest genetic contribution
blood-injection-injury
every time Steven sees a cockroach he screams in terror. For Steven, a cockroach is a
antecedent
the most effective psychological treatment approach for obsessive-compulsive disorder
involves actively preventing the rituals and exposing the patient to the feared thoughts or situations
in treating anxiety disorders using an exposure technique , you don’t need to be worried that you will do it wrong and the patient will explode, because
“what goes up must come down”
which operant conditioning principle best explains the self-reinforcing nature of anxiety disorders?
negative reinforcement
in panic control treatment (PCT):
the therapist attempts to “mini” panic attacks in the office, the patient exercises or ingests caffeine to elevate their heart rate, and the patient receives cognitive therapy
two major components of expressed emotion are
criticism and hostility
people are more likely to develop phobias to certain stimuli and less to others
evolutionary theory
diane on 20/20 special , psychologist employs behavioral treatment of hoarding this is characterized by the use of ___ so that hoarders learn to order objects by their different values and ___ to encourage patients to make progressive steps toward discarding items
stimulus discrimination, shaping
major specifiers for mood disorders
atypical, catatonic, psychotic
risk factors for suicide
past history of suicide attempts, alcohol use, recent stressful life events, familial history of suicide
early onset of dysthymic disorder
is associated with grater chronicity, associated with relatively poor prognosis, and ass opiated with a stronger likelihood of the disorder running in the family of the affected individual
people with GAD have been called autonomic restrictors because
they evidence strong sympathetic arousal
which treatment for anxiety disorders results in the greatest benefits in the shortest period of time
in vivo (in life) exposure
if delusions of grandeur are experienced during a depressive episode they could be considered _____, whereas if they occur during a manic episode they are considered ______.
mood incongruent, mood congruent
Insomnia during a major depressive episode is ____ whereas hypersomnia during a major depressive episode is _____.
a melancholic symptom, an atypical feature
“vegetative symptoms” that are the best indicators of the severity of a depressive episode
sleep and appetite disturbance
most effective treatment for major depressive disorder, at this point in research on treatments for depression
electroconvulsive shock therapy
many studies have revealed that levels of _____ are elevated in depressed people
cortisol
stressful life events
are strongly related to the onset of mood disorders
the family environment is an important factor in the development of depression because:
it may provide social support that buffers the effects of stressful life events and it may increase symptoms through high levels of expressed emotions
MAO inhibitors are prescribed less often than tricyclics because
eating or drinking a number of food or beverages containing tyramine can lead to severe hypertension and death
a more important goal for people suffering from depression than recovery is often:
to delay, or even prevent entirely, the next depressive episode
