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HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims > Abnormalities in Cell Growth & Somatic Death > Flashcards

Abnormalities in Cell Growth & Somatic Death Flashcards

1
Q

3 categories for Abnormalities in Cell growth

A
  • Retrogressive
  • Progressive
  • Degenerative
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2
Q

categories for Abnormalities in Cell growth:

The organs or a part of the tissue is smaller than normal

A

Retrogressive

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3
Q

types of Progressive abnormalities

A

Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia

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4
Q

categories for Abnormalities in Cell growth:

There is change due to aberations of cellular growth patterns

A

Degenerative

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5
Q

Incomplete development of the organ

A

Aplasia

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6
Q

Failure of an organ to develop fully

A

Hypoplasia

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7
Q

Complete non-appearance of an organ

A

Agenesia

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8
Q

Failure of an organ to form an opening

A

Atresia

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9
Q

Acquired decrease of the size of a normally developed organ

A

Atrophy

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10
Q

The tissue has an increase in size due to increase in size of individual cells

A

Hypertrophy

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11
Q

The tissue has an increase in the number of cells

A

Hyperplasia

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12
Q

4 categories of Degenerative abnormalities

A

Dysplasia
Metaplasia
Anaplasia
Neoplasia

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13
Q

Degenerative abnormalities:

Presence of abnormal cells within a tissue (reversible)

A

Dysplasia

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14
Q

Degenerative abnormalities:

Involves transformation of one type of adult cell to another (reversible)

A

Metaplasia

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15
Q

Degenerative abnormalities:

Lack of differentiation of cells (irreversible)

A

Anaplasia

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16
Q

Degenerative abnormalities:

uncontrolled proliferation of cells with no purpose

A

Neoplasia

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17
Q

Mass of neoplasmic cells

A

Tumor / Neoplasm

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18
Q

Parts of tumor

A

Parenchyma
Stroma

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19
Q

Part of tumor:

the connective framework with the lymphatic or vascular channels

A

Stroma

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20
Q

2 Classifications of Tumor

A

Benign
Malignant

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21
Q

Classification of Tumor:

Non cancerous

A

Benign

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22
Q

Classifications of Tumor:

Cancerous

A

Malignant

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23
Q

Classifications of Tumor:

Usually does not cause death

A

Benign

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24
Q

Classifications of Tumor:

Usually causes death

A

Malignant

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25
Q

Classifications of Tumor:

  • Progressive and slow
  • May come to a standstill or may regress
A

Benign

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26
Q

Classifications of Tumor:

Erratic (may be slow or rapid)

A

Malignant

27
Q

Classifications of Tumor:

Absence of Metastasis

A

Benign

28
Q

Classifications of Tumor:

Frequent Metastasis

A

Malignant

29
Q

Grading of Tumors:

Tumor cells resemble normal cells

A

Well-differentiated

30
Q

Grading of tumors:

Tumor cells do not resemble normal cells

A

Undifferentiated

31
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Differentiated cells are 100% - 75%

A

Grade I

32
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Undifferentiated cells are 0% - 25%

A

Grade I

33
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Differentiated cells are 75% - 50%

A

Grade II

34
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Undifferentiated cells are 25% - 50%

A

Grade II

35
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Differentiated cells are 50% - 25%

A

Grade III

36
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Undifferentiated cells are 50% - 75%

A

Grade III

37
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Differentiated cells are 25% - 0%

A

Grade IV

38
Q

Border’s Classification of Tumor:

Undifferentiated cells are 75% - 100%

A

Grade IV

39
Q

Types of Primary Changes in Somatic Death

A

Circulatory Failure
Respiratory Failure
CNS Failure

40
Q

Primary Change in Somatic Death:

  • Cardiac function ceases
  • Flat electrocardiogram
  • Absence of heartbeat
A

Circulatory Failure

41
Q

Primary Change in Somatic Death:

  • Decreased O2 and Increased CO2
  • Absence of respiratory sounds and movements
A

Respiratory Failure

42
Q

Primary Change in Somatic Death:

  • Loss of coordination and reflexes
  • Absence of stem reflex
  • Absence of electroencephalogram activity
A

CNS Failure

43
Q

Types of Secondary Changes in Somatic Death

A

Algor Mortis
Rigor Mortis
Livor Mortis

44
Q

Secondary Change in Somatic Death:

  • First demonstrable change observed in a dead body
  • Body temperature decreases by 7°F per hour
A

Algor Mortis

45
Q

Secondary Change in Somatic Death:

  • Rigidity or stiffening of muscles due to lack of ATP
A

Rigor Mortis

46
Q

Secondary Change in Somatic Death:

  • Purplish discoloration of skin due to blood stasis
  • Due to stoppage of blood circulation
A

Livor Mortis

47
Q

Bruises before death

A

Ecchymosis

48
Q

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis:

Post-mortem stasis of blood

A

Livor Mortis

49
Q

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis:

Trauma

A

Ecchymosis

50
Q

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis:

Discoloration disappears when pressure is applied

A

Livor Mortis

51
Q

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis:

No disappearance of color when pressure is applied

A

Ecchymosis

52
Q

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis:

Has oozing of blood after incision

A

Livor Mortis

53
Q

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis:

No oozing of blood after incision

A

Ecchymosis

54
Q

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot:

Assumes blood vessel shape

A

Post Mortem Clot

55
Q

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot:

Seldomly assumes blood vessel shape

A

Ante Mortem Clot

56
Q

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot:

Rubbery

A

Post Mortem Clot

57
Q

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot:

Non-rubbery

A

Ante Mortem Clot

58
Q

Next 3 stages of death after secondary changes

A

Desiccation
Putrefaction
Autolysis

59
Q

General drying and wrinkling of fluid-filled organs

A

Desiccation

60
Q

Greenish blue discoloration with odor

A

Putrefaction

61
Q

Bacteria responsible for the release of gas which causes the odor of a dead body

A

Clostridium Welchii

62
Q

Hydrogen sulfide + Hemoglobin = ?

A

Sulfhemoglobin (green coloration)

63
Q

The self-digestion of the cells by their own enzymes

A

Autolysis

HistoPath Lec 2ndYR 2ndSem Prelims (6 decks)

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