Abnormalities in Cell Growth & Somatic Death

Question 1

3 categories for Abnormalities in Cell growth

Answer 1

• Retrogressive
• Progressive
• Degenerative

Question 2

categories for Abnormalities in Cell growth:

The organs or a part of the tissue is smaller than normal

Answer 2

Retrogressive

Question 3

types of Progressive abnormalities

Answer 3

Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia

Question 4

categories for Abnormalities in Cell growth:

There is change due to aberations of cellular growth patterns

Answer 4

Degenerative

Question 5

Incomplete development of the organ

Answer 5

Aplasia

Question 6

Failure of an organ to develop fully

Answer 6

Hypoplasia

Question 7

Complete non-appearance of an organ

Answer 7

Agenesia

Question 8

Failure of an organ to form an opening

Answer 8

Atresia

Question 9

Acquired decrease of the size of a normally developed organ

Answer 9

Atrophy

Question 10

The tissue has an increase in size due to increase in size of individual cells

Answer 10

Hypertrophy

Question 11

The tissue has an increase in the number of cells

Answer 11

Hyperplasia

Question 12

4 categories of Degenerative abnormalities

Answer 12

Dysplasia
Metaplasia
Anaplasia
Neoplasia

Question 13

Degenerative abnormalities:

Presence of abnormal cells within a tissue (reversible)

Answer 13

Dysplasia

Question 14

Degenerative abnormalities:

Involves transformation of one type of adult cell to another (reversible)

Answer 14

Metaplasia

Question 15

Degenerative abnormalities:

Lack of differentiation of cells (irreversible)

Answer 15

Anaplasia

Question 16

Degenerative abnormalities:

uncontrolled proliferation of cells with no purpose

Answer 16

Neoplasia

Question 17

Mass of neoplasmic cells

Answer 17

Tumor / Neoplasm

Question 18

Parts of tumor

Answer 18

Parenchyma
Stroma

Question 19

Part of tumor:

the connective framework with the lymphatic or vascular channels

Answer 19

Stroma

Question 20

2 Classifications of Tumor

Answer 20

Benign
Malignant

Question 21

Classification of Tumor:

Non cancerous

Answer 21

Benign

Question 22

Classifications of Tumor:

Cancerous

Answer 22

Malignant

Question 23

Classifications of Tumor:

Usually does not cause death

Answer 23

Benign

Question 24

Classifications of Tumor:

Usually causes death

Answer 24

Malignant

Question 25

Classifications of Tumor: - Progressive and slow - May come to a standstill or may regress

Answer 25

Benign

Question 26

Classifications of Tumor: Erratic (may be slow or rapid)

Answer 26

Malignant

Question 27

Classifications of Tumor: Absence of Metastasis

Answer 27

Benign

Question 28

Classifications of Tumor: Frequent Metastasis

Answer 28

Malignant

Question 29

Grading of Tumors: Tumor cells resemble normal cells

Answer 29

Well-differentiated

Question 30

Grading of tumors: Tumor cells do not resemble normal cells

Answer 30

Undifferentiated

Question 31

Border's Classification of Tumor: Differentiated cells are 100% - 75%

Answer 31

Grade I

Question 32

Border's Classification of Tumor: Undifferentiated cells are 0% - 25%

Answer 32

Grade I

Question 33

Border's Classification of Tumor: Differentiated cells are 75% - 50%

Answer 33

Grade II

Question 34

Border's Classification of Tumor: Undifferentiated cells are 25% - 50%

Answer 34

Grade II

Question 35

Border's Classification of Tumor: Differentiated cells are 50% - 25%

Answer 35

Grade III

Question 36

Border's Classification of Tumor: Undifferentiated cells are 50% - 75%

Answer 36

Grade III

Question 37

Border's Classification of Tumor: Differentiated cells are 25% - 0%

Answer 37

Grade IV

Question 38

Border's Classification of Tumor: Undifferentiated cells are 75% - 100%

Answer 38

Grade IV

Question 39

Types of Primary Changes in Somatic Death

Answer 39

Circulatory Failure Respiratory Failure CNS Failure

Question 40

Primary Change in Somatic Death: - Cardiac function ceases - Flat electrocardiogram - Absence of heartbeat

Answer 40

Circulatory Failure

Question 41

Primary Change in Somatic Death: - Decreased O2 and Increased CO2 - Absence of respiratory sounds and movements

Answer 41

Respiratory Failure

Question 42

Primary Change in Somatic Death: - Loss of coordination and reflexes - Absence of stem reflex - Absence of electroencephalogram activity

Answer 42

CNS Failure

Question 43

Types of Secondary Changes in Somatic Death

Answer 43

Algor Mortis Rigor Mortis Livor Mortis

Question 44

Secondary Change in Somatic Death: - First demonstrable change observed in a dead body - Body temperature decreases by 7°F per hour

Answer 44

Algor Mortis

Question 45

Secondary Change in Somatic Death: - Rigidity or stiffening of muscles due to lack of ATP

Answer 45

Rigor Mortis

Question 46

Secondary Change in Somatic Death: - Purplish discoloration of skin due to blood stasis - Due to stoppage of blood circulation

Answer 46

Livor Mortis

Question 47

Bruises before death

Answer 47

Ecchymosis

Question 48

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis: Post-mortem stasis of blood

Answer 48

Livor Mortis

Question 49

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis: Trauma

Answer 49

Ecchymosis

Question 50

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis: Discoloration disappears when pressure is applied

Answer 50

Livor Mortis

Question 51

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis: No disappearance of color when pressure is applied

Answer 51

Ecchymosis

Question 52

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis: Has oozing of blood after incision

Answer 52

Livor Mortis

Question 53

Livor Mortis vs Ecchymosis: No oozing of blood after incision

Answer 53

Ecchymosis

Question 54

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot: Assumes blood vessel shape

Answer 54

Post Mortem Clot

Question 55

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot: Seldomly assumes blood vessel shape

Answer 55

Ante Mortem Clot

Question 56

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot: Rubbery

Answer 56

Post Mortem Clot

Question 57

Post Mortem Clot vs Ante Mortem Clot: Non-rubbery

Answer 57

Ante Mortem Clot

Question 58

Next 3 stages of death after secondary changes

Answer 58

Desiccation Putrefaction Autolysis

Question 59

General drying and wrinkling of fluid-filled organs

Answer 59

Desiccation

Question 60

Greenish blue discoloration with odor

Answer 60

Putrefaction

Question 61

Bacteria responsible for the release of gas which causes the odor of a dead body

Answer 61

Clostridium Welchii

Question 62

Hydrogen sulfide + Hemoglobin = ?

Answer 62

Sulfhemoglobin (green coloration)

Question 63

The self-digestion of the cells by their own enzymes

Answer 63

Autolysis