ABO System

Question 1

Forward Typing detects

Answer 1

antigens

Question 2

Reverse Typing detects

Answer 2

antibodies

Question 3

Test sample for forward typing

Answer 3

RBCs

Question 4

Test sample for reverse typing

Answer 4

serum or plasma

Question 5

Reagents for forward typing

Answer 5

anti-A (blue) and anti-B (yellow)

Question 6

Reagents for reverse typing

Answer 6

A1 and B cells

Question 7

What is the principle for forward typing?

Answer 7

using known antibodies to detect unknown antigens

Question 8

What is the principle for reverse typing?

Answer 8

using known antigens to detect unknown antibodies

Question 9

The H and Se gene are located on which chromosome?

Answer 9

Chromosome 19

Question 10

Which chromosome are the ABO genes located?

Answer 10

Chromosome 9

Question 11

What gene needs to be expressed in order for the H gene to be expressed?

Answer 11

Z gene

Question 12

Which antigen needs to be expressed in order for A and B antigens to be expressed?

Answer 12

H antigen

Question 13

What happens when an individual doesn’t inherit the H antigen?

Answer 13

There will be no antigen expression due to the lack of the H antigen upon which other antigens build on

Question 14

An individual who types as A will express which antigens?

Answer 14

H and A antigens

Question 15

An individual who types as B will express which antigens?

Answer 15

H and B antigens

Question 16

An individual who types as AB will express which antigens?

Answer 16

H, A, and B antigens

Question 17

An individual who types as O will express which antigens?

Answer 17

Only H

Question 18

Bombay phenotype will type as what?

Answer 18

O type

Question 19

When an individual is homozygous recessive for H, what blood type are they?

Answer 19

Bombay

Question 20

What is the extract from Dolichos biflorus seeds used to make?

Answer 20

anti-A1 lectin

Question 21

A1 and A2 cells can be via…

Answer 21

anti-A1 lectin (only binds A1 cells)

Question 22

What is the extract from Ulex europaeus used to make?

Answer 22

anti-H lectin

Question 23

Order of ABO antigen reactivity with anti-H lectin

Answer 23

O > A2 > B > A2B > A1 > A1B

Question 24

Reactivity with anti-H lectin depends on…

Answer 24

accessibility to fucose

Question 25

In cases where Bombay type may be suspected, what reagent should be used?

Answer 25

anti-H lectin

Question 26

Type 1 paragloboside originate where and have what linkage of galactose to GALNAC?

Answer 26

Originates in secretions Beta-1,3 linkage

Question 27

Type 2 paraglobosides originate where and have what linkage of galactose to GALNAC?

Answer 27

Originate on RBS precursors Beta- 1,4 linkage

Question 28

Which paragloboside do RBC antigens build upon?

Answer 28

Type 2

Question 29

Glycolipid coming off of the RBC surface upon which antigens build

Answer 29

Type 2 paragloboside

Question 30

What is the order of carbohydrates that compose paraglobosides in order from cell surface out?

Answer 30

Glucose-Galactose-GALNAC-Galactose

Question 31

Which carbohydrate is added to the precursor substance to make the H antigen?

Answer 31

Fucose

Question 32

Which enzyme and sugar donor are responsible for the transfer of fucose onto the paragloboside?

Answer 32

Enzyme: a-L-fucosyltransferase Sugar Donor: guanine-diphosphate-L-fucose

Question 33

Which carbohydrate is added to the H antigen to make the A antigen?

Answer 33

N-acetylgalactosamine (GALNAC)

Question 34

Which enzyme and sugar donor are responsible for the transfer of GALNAC to the H antigen?

Answer 34

enzyme: a-3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine transferase donor: Uridine-diphosphate-N-acetyl-D-galactose

Question 35

Which carbohydrate is added to the H antigen to make the B antigen?

Answer 35

D-galactose

Question 36

Which enzyme and sugar donor are responsible for the transfer of D-galactose to the H antigen?

Answer 36

enzyme: a-3-D-galactosyl transferase donor: uridine-diphosphate-galactose

Question 37

How many H structures are there?

Answer 37

4

Question 38

Which H structures are capable of producing A1?

Answer 38

H1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 39

Which H structures are capable of producing A2?

Answer 39

H1 and 2

Question 40

Which subgroup of A cells has more H antigen on RBCs?

Answer 40

A2

Question 41

Which A cells express less A antigen on RBCs?

Answer 41

A2

Question 42

Approximately, what percentage of the population has secretor cells?

Answer 42

78%

Question 43

What does the Se gene control?

Answer 43

The presence of ABH antigens in body fluids

Question 44

Secretor status is controlled via a dominant, recessive, or co-dominant allele?

Answer 44

Dominant

Question 45

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type O?

Answer 45

1st - O 2nd - none 3rd - none

Question 46

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type A?

Answer 46

1st - A 2nd - O 3rd - none

Question 47

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type B?

Answer 47

1st - B 2nd - O 3rd - none

Question 48

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type AB?

Answer 48

1st - AB 2nd - A or B 3rd - O

Question 49

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type A2 with anti-A1?

Answer 49

1st - A2 2nd - O 3rd - none

Question 50

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type A2B with anti-A1?

Answer 50

1st - A2B 2nd - A2 or B 3rd - O

Question 51

What is the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd choice of donor blood for a patient with Type Oh?

Answer 51

1st - Oh 2nd - none 3rd - none