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step 1- microbio > ABx > Flashcards

ABx Flashcards

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1
Q

forms of PCN?

A

G: IV, IM
V: oral

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2
Q

PCN MOA?

A

bind PBPs, block peptidoglycan crosslinking

BACTERICIDAL

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3
Q

PCN uses?

A

G+: strep spp., actinomyces
N meningitidis
syphylis

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4
Q

PCN toxicity?

A

hemolytic anemia

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5
Q

aminoPCN MOA?

A

same as PCN, wider spectrum
can combine with clav
amox has greater oral bioavailability

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6
Q

aminoPCN uses?

A 
PCN coverage plus:
H flu
H pylori
E coli
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella
enterococcus
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7
Q

aminoPCN toxicity?

A

rash

pseudomembranous colitis

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8
Q

PNCase-resistant PCNs MOA?

A

same as PCN, block access of beta-lactamase via bulky ring

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9
Q

PNCase-resistant PCNs: examples?

A

dicloxacillin
nafcillin
oxacillin

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10
Q

PNCase-resistant PCNs: uses?

A

S AUREUS!! (naf for staph!)

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11
Q

PNCase-resistant PCNs: toxicity?

A

interstitial nephritis

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12
Q

antiPsA PCNs: examples

A

piperacillin

ticarcillin

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13
Q

organisms typically not covered by cephalosporins?

A 
LAME
listeria
atypicals
MRSA
enterococcus
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14
Q

1st gen cephalosporin uses?

A

G+ cocci plus PEcK:
Proteus
E coli
Klebsiella

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15
Q

2nd gen cephalosprin uses?

A 
G+ cocci plus HENPEcKS:
H flu
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Proteus
E coli
Klebsiella
Serratia
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16
Q

3rd gen cephalosporin uses?

A

gram negative organisms

ceftazidime has PsA coverage

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17
Q

4th gen cephalosporin uses?

A

G- with increased G+ and PsA coverage

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18
Q

5th gen cephalosporin uses?

A

broad G+ and G-, includes MRSA

NO PsA coverage

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19
Q

cephalosporin toxicity?

A 
AIHA
disulfiram-like rxn
vitamin K deficiency
increased AG nephrotoxicity
cross-reactivity with PCNs
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20
Q

carbapenems MOA?

A

beta lactamase resistant

use with cilastatin to decrease renal inactivation

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21
Q

carbapenem uses?

A

G+ cocci
G- rods
anaerobes
limited to life-threatening/drug failure

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22
Q

carbapenem toxicity?

A

GI distress
rash
CNS toxicity

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23
Q

aztreonam MOA?

A

binds to PBP3, less susceptible to beta lactamases
synergy with AGs
no cross reactivity with PCN

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24
Q

aztreonam use?

A

G- rods only –> PsA!

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25
aztreonam toxicity?
rare GI upset
26
vanc MOA?
binds D-ala D-ala cell wall | BACTERICIDAL
27
vanc uses?
G+ only | serious MDR orgs - MRSA, C diff, sensitive enterococcus spp
28
vanc toxicity?
nephrotoxicity ototoxicity thrombophlebitis red man syndrome
29
ABx that inhibit 30s?
AGs (bactericidal) | tetracyclines (bacteriostatic)
30
ABx that inhibit 50s?
Chloramphenicol (bacteriostatic) Clindamycin (bacteriostatic) Erythromycin (bacteriostatic) Linezolid
31
aminoglycoside MOA?
inhibition of 30s BACTERICIDAL require O2 for uptake - can't use in anaerobes often used with PCN for better cell wall penetration
32
aminoglycoside uses?
severe GNR infx - PsA | use NEOMYCIN pre-op for bowel surgery
33
aminoglycoside toxicity?
nephrotoxicity neuromuscular blockade ototoxicity teratogen
34
tetracycline MOA?
bind 30s BACTERIOSTATIC tetracyclines bind cations in gut which inhibits absorption if taken with milk, antacids, iron
35
tetracycline uses?
mycoplasma borrelia rickettsia and chlamydia (accumulates intracellularly)
36
tetracycline toxicity?
GI distress discoloration of teeth inhibition of bone growth photosensitivity
37
chloramphenicol MOA?
blocks 50s | BACTERIOSTATIC
38
chloramphenicol uses?
meningitis, RMSF (preggos, babies) | limited use b/c of SE profile
39
chloramphenicol toxicity?
anemia aplastic anemia gray baby syndrome
40
clindamycin MOA?
blocks 50s | BACTERIOSTATIC
41
clindamycin uses?
anaerobic infx above diaphragm aspiration PNA, lung abscesses, oral infections invasive group A strep
42
clindamycin toxicity?
C diff fever diarrhea
43
linezolid MOA?
bind 50s
44
linezolid uses?
G+: includes MRSA and VRE
45
linezolid toxicity?
bone marrow suppression peripheral neuropathy serotonin syndrome
46
macrolide MOA?
block translocation, bind 50s | BACTERIOSTATIC
47
macrolide uses?
atypical PNA STIs G+ cocci bordetella
48
macrolide toxicity?
``` GI motility issues arrhythmia (long QT) cholestatic hepatitis rash eosinophilia inhibit CYP450 ```
49
trimethoprim MOA?
inhibits DHFR | BACTERIOSTATIC (-cidal in conjunction with SMX)
50
trimethoprim toxicity?
megaloblastic anemia leukopenia granulocytopenia
51
sulfonamide MOA?
inhibit folate synth via PABA mimicry | BACTERIOSTATIC (-cidal in conjunction with TMP)
52
sulfonamide uses?
G+, G- nocardia chlamydia
53
sulfonamide toxicity?
``` G6PD: hemolysis nephrotoxicity (interstitial nephritis) photosensitivity kernicterus displace drugs from albumin ```
54
TMP/SMX uses?
resp GI UTI AIDS (PCP, toxo)
55
quinolone MOA?
inhibit grypase and topoIV BACTERICIDAL don't take with antacids
56
quinolone uses?
GNR of urinary tract and GI | includes PsA
57
quinolone toxicity?
GI upset superinfection leg cramps and myalgias possible cartilage damage: contraindicated in preggos and kids QT prolongation possible tendon rupture in older pts/steroid pts
58
daptomycin MOA?
disrupts G+ cocci membrane
59
daptomycin uses?
``` S aureus skin infections including MRSA bacteremia endocarditis VRE NOT for PNA ```
60
daptomycin toxicity?
myopathy | rhabdo
61
metronidazole MOA?
forms free radicals in bacteria | BACTERICIDAL, anti-protozoal
62
metronidazole uses?
``` GET GAP giardia entamoeba trich gardnerella anaerobes h. Pylori ```
63
metronidazole toxicity?
disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol | metallic taste
64
M Tb ppx?
INH
65
MAI ppx?
azithro, rifabutin
66
M Tb tx?
RIPE
67
MAI tx?
azithro/clarithro + ethambutol
68
rifamycin MOA?
inhibit RNA polymerase
69
rifamycin uses?
M tb can delay dapsone resistance in leprosy ppx (meningococcal, H flu)
70
rifamycin toxicity?
increased p450 hepatotoxicity red body fluids
71
INH MOA?
decreased mycolic acid synth
72
INH uses?
``` M Tb (tx and ppx) different half lives in slow vs fast acetylators ```
73
INH toxicity
hepatotoxicity | neurotoxicity (prevent with B6)
74
pyrazinamide MOA?
unknown
75
pyrazinamide uses?
M tb
76
pyrazinamide toxicity?
hyperuricemia | hepatotoxicity
77
ethambutol MOA?
block arabinosyltransferase
78
ethambutol uses?
M Tb
79
ethambutol toxicity?
EYES! R/G color blindness | dose-dependent and reversible

step 1- microbio (8 decks)

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