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step 1- microbio > bacteriology > Flashcards

bacteriology Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

what G+ organism makes endotoxin?

A

listeria

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2
Q

which bugs do not show up well on gram stain?

A

these microbes may lack real color:

Treponema
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
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3
Q

Giemsa stain for which bugs?

A

certain bugs really try my patience:

Chlamydia
Borrelia
Rickettsia
Trypanosomes
Plasmodium
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4
Q

PAS stain?

A

stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides

used for Whipple disease

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5
Q

Ziehl Neelsen (carbol fuchsin) stain?

A

for acid fast bacteria and protozoa

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6
Q

India ink?

A

cryptococcus

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7
Q

silver stain?

A

fungi
legionella
H pylori

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8
Q

chocolate agar?

A

H flu

has factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)

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9
Q

thayer-martin agar?

A

neisseria spp.

has vanc/colistin/nystatin (inhibits growth of all except neisseria)

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10
Q

Bordet Gengou agar?

A

bordetella

has potato in it (why is this relevant? mysteries within mysteries)

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11
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen agar?

A

M Tb

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12
Q

Eaton agar

A

M pneumo

needs cholesterol

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13
Q

MacConkey agar

A

for lactose fermenting enterics

fermentation –> acid –> pink colonies

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14
Q

EMB agar

A

E coli

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15
Q

charcoal yeast agar

A

Legionella

+ cysteine and iron

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16
Q

sabouraud agar

A

fungi

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17
Q

aerobic bugs

A

AIR Planes May Not Land Nicely

Pseudo
Myco TB
Nocardia
Legionella
Neisseria
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18
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

clostridium

bacteroides

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19
Q

non-obligate anaerobes

A

fusobacterium

actinomyces

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20
Q

can you use aminoglycosides on anaerobes?

A

no! AGs need O2 to enter the cell

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21
Q

obligate intracellular bugs

A

stay inside: it’s Really CHilly and COld:

Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Coxiella

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22
Q

facultative intracellular bugs

A

some nasty bugs may live facultatively

Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia
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23
Q

encapsulated bugs

A 
S pneumo
H flu
N meningiditis
E coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
GBS
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24
Q

urease positive bugs

A

U should CHuck the PUNKSS

crypto
H pylori
proteus
ureaplasma
nocardia
klebsiella
staph epi
staph sapro
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25
catalase positive bugs
``` Cats B in SPACE burkholderia staph pseudomonas aspergillus candida enterobacter ``` ``` also: nocardia listeria e coli klebsiella serratia ```
26
what color does actinomyces make?
yellow granules
27
what color does staph aureus make?
yellow
28
what color does pseudomonas make?
blue-green
29
what color does serratia make?
red
30
which bugs have IgA protease?
S pneumo H flu Neisseria
31
what bug has protein A?
S aureus
32
which bugs have M protein?
group A strep
33
mechanism of diphtheria toxin/PsA toxin (exotoxin A)?
inactivate elongation factor 2
34
MOA of shiga toxin/SLT?
inactivated 60s ribosome
35
ETEC toxins?
heat labile --> cAMP --> increased gut secretion | heat stable --> cGMP --> decreased gut resorption
36
bacillus anthracis toxin?
edema toxin --> cAMP
37
cholera toxin MOA?
permanently activates Gs --> cAMP --> rice water
38
pertussis toxin MOA?
disables Gi --> cAMP --> decreased phagocytosis
39
tetanospasmin MOA?
cleave SNARE --> prevents GABA/gly release in spinal cord --> spasticity
40
botulinum toxin MOA?
cleave SNARE --> prevent ACh release at NMJ --> floppy baby
41
clostridium perfringens toxin MOA?
alpha toxin = phospholipase --> myonecrosis and hemolysis
42
streptolysin O MOA?
degrades cell membranes --> RBC lysis
43
TSST-1/exotoxin A MOA?
bind MHCII and TCR --> IL1, IL2, IFNg, TNFa release --> shock
44
catalase+ coag+ ?
staph aureus
45
catalase+ coag-, novobiocin sensitive?
staph epidermidis
46
catalase+, coag-, novobiocin resistant?
staph saprophyticus
47
catalase-, alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive?
S pneumo
48
catalase-, alpha hemolytic, optochin resistant?
viridans strep
49
catalase-, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive?
strep pyogenes
50
catalase-, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant?
GBS
51
catalase-, no hemolysis, growth in 6.5% NaCl
enterococcus
52
catalase-, no hemolysis, no growth in 6.5% NaCl
S bovis
53
how to dx diphtheria?
G+ rods with blue and red granules + Elek test for toxin black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar
54
which bug has a polypeptide capsule?
bacillus anthracis | has D-glutamate in it
55
tx of actinomyces vs nocardia?
nocardia: sulfonamides actinomyces: PCN
56
tx of leprosy?
tuberculoid: dapsone and rifampin lepromatous: dapsone and rifampin + clofazimine
57
G- maltose fermenting diplococcus?
N meningiditis
58
G- non-maltose fermenting diplococcus?
N gonorrhea
59
oxidase+, comma shaped, grows at 42deg?
campylobacter
60
oxidase+, comma shaped, urease+?
H pylori
61
oxidase+, comma shaped, grows in alkaline media?
V cholera
62
fast lactose fermenters?
Klebsiella E coli Enterobacter
63
slow lactose fermenters?
Citrobacter | Serratia
64
non-lactose fermenting, oxidase+?
pseudomonas
65
non-lactose fermenting, oxidase-, H2S+ ?
Salmonella Proteus Yersinia
66
non-lactose fermenting, oxidase-, H2S-?
shigella
67
leptospirosis?
water contaminated with animal urine flu-like sx, CALF myalgias, jaundice, photophobia, conjunctival erythema surfers/tropics
68
Yersinia enterocolitica?
pet feces, contaminated milk, pork diarrhea pseudoappendicitis: RLQ pain from mesenteric adenitis or terminal ileitis
69
anaplasmosis?
from ixodes ticks | granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm
70
bartonella?
cat scratch dz, bacillary angiomatosis
71
borrelia recurrentis?
relapsing fever from lice recurrent due to antigen variation
72
brucella?
brucellosis/undulant fever + systemic sx | from unpasteurized diary, meat-packing, farming
73
psittacosis?
from parrots/birds | chlamydia psittaci
74
tularemia
resembles plague | from ticks, rabbits, deer fly
75
pasteurella?
cellulitis, osteo | from animal bite (cats, dogs)
76
typhus: endemic vs epidemic?
both rickettsia spp. endemic: R. typhi; fleas, less bad epidemic: R.prowazekii; lice, worse rash SPARES palms and soles, unlike RMSF
77
Q fever?
coxiella burnetii inhalation of aerosolized spores PNA, culture neg endocarditis
78
erlichiosis?
ambylomma tick monocytes with morulae in cytoplasm RMSF w/o spots
79
forms of chlamydia?
elementary body: endocytoses into cell, becomes RB | reticulate body: replicates, reorganizes into EBs
80
chlamydia serotypes A, B, C?
trachoma! chronic blindness, Africa/Native Americans
81
chlamydia serotypes D-K?
everything else!
82
chlamydia serotypes L1, L2, L3?
lymphogranuloma venereum | painless genital ulcers --> buboes (grosssss)
83
most common infx in CGD?
``` CGD NABSS cat+ bugs Nocardia Aspergillus Burkholderia Staph aureus Serratia ```

step 1- microbio (8 decks)

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