ac 4.2 - social changes and how they affect policy development Flashcards
(20 cards)
what examples are used in this ac?
- public perception of crime = drink driving and smoking
- structure of society (demographics) = immigration and racism
- cultural changes = LGBTQ rights
drink driving - media
the public perception of drink driving has changed overtime. for example, a major shift in media portrayal began - this change was a reflection of public perception shifting as a more direct approach began to be taken when public concern was shown - and drink driving went from being normalised to majorly discouraged
drink driving - changes in laws
changes in law were also a reflection of public perception shifting as the government usually aims to focus on the main concerns of the public
drink driving - 1925
it was first made an offence in 1925 - no legal limit on alcohol was decided - however the public was still mostly unconcerned at this time
drink driving - 1967 + ‘68
in 1967, a maximum legal drink driving limit was introduced - blood alcohol limit of 80mg per 100ml of blood. the first breathalysers were introduces in 1968
drink driving - 2014
in 2014 the compulsory sentence for causing death by drink driving increased from 5 to 14 years
smoking - 1954 + ‘65
in 1965 the British government banned cigarette advertising on television. this happened after a paper was published by a doctor in 1954 that confirmed the link between smoking and lung cancer
smoking - 2005 + ‘07
in 2005 a British medical journal report finds that passive smoking kills 11,000 a year in the UK. this led to England and Wales adopting a smoking ban in all enclosed spaces in 2007
smoking - 2015
in 2015 Wales and England brought a ban into place for smoking in cars with children due to campaigns lobbying government for further actions against smoking
immigration and racism (Windrush generation)
the Windrush generation were the early arrivals on the first ship to bring Caribbean immigrants to Britain (in 1948). they faces hostility due to many white people holding racist stereotypes of black people being seen as dirty, diseased or criminal
Windrush generation - 1965
in 1965 the Race Relations act was brought into place as a result of widespread racial discrimination. this banned racial discrimination in public places and made the promotion of hatred on the grounds of colour, race or ethnic/national origins an offence
Windrush generation - 1968
in 1968 a further Race Relations act was brought into place which outlawed discrimination in the key areas of employment, housing and public services
Windrush generation - 1976
both the 1965 and ‘68 acts were replaces by the 1976 Race Relations act which significantly strengthened the law by extending it to cover both direct and indirect discrimination
Windrush generation - 2010
the Race relations cat was replaces by the 2010 equality act which brought together laws on racial, sex and disability discrimination
LGBTQ rights
homosexuality was previously a crime on the basis of religion which condemned it as being sinful. it was punishable by death through in the 16th century through to 1835
LGBTQ rights - 1957
in 1957 the Wolfenden report was published which caused discussions on policy change surrounding homosexuality to arise
LGBTQ rights - 1967
the 1967 act decriminalised sexual activity between two men in private if they were over the age of 21
LGBTQ rights - 1972
in 1972, the first gay pride rally takes place in London
LGBTQ rights - 2013
in 2013, same sex marriage is legalised in England and Wales
what caused the changes in LGBTQ rights?
the influence of religion decreased over time. people in society also began to care more about peoples individual rights
